36 MAMMALS

certain difference in the breast-bone marking the
monkeys off from the anthropoids. In the monkeys
it is narrow and flattened from side to side, instead
of being broad and flattened from back to front.
All the monkeys, too, have eight bones in the wrist,
like the orang and the gibbons. Like the anthro-
poids, the Old-World monkeys have thirty-two teeth,
the ‘dental formula’—that is, the arrangement of
the teeth—being the same as in man, whereas the
-Americans have thirty-six teeth. The American
monkeys also differ from the rest in not having an
opposable thumb—a fact of little importance, but
worth remembering owing to the stress that was
once laid on the fact that civilised man had not an
opposable great toc.

The family of Old-World monkeys is known as
Cercopithecid@,which means‘monkeyswith tails’ (which
is not quite the case), and these are divided into
Cercopithecine, which have check-pouches, and the
legs and arms fairly equal, and Sesnopithecine (sacred
monkeys), which have no cheek-pouches, and have
the legs longer than the arms. The type of species
of the latter family is the sacred monkey of India
(Semnopithecus entellus), otherwise known as the
hanuman, which can be distinguished from the rest
of the group by his black feet and hands, his hair
sticking out over his brow like a pent-house, his tail,
like those of his nearest of kin, being longer than
his head and body put together. Hanuman, it may
be remembered, was the fabulous monkey who was
such friends with Vishnu in the expedition to Ceylon
to recover Sita from the giant Ravana, and he it was