x BRIEF EXPLANATION OF SCIENTIFIC TERMS

Carpus. The wrist.

Catarrhine. Narrow-nosed; a term applied to the monkeys of the
Eastern Hemisphere.

Caudata. The tailed Amphibians, such as Newts and Salamanders.

Cavicorns. The hollow-horned Ruminants, such as oxen and sheep.

Cervical. Pertaining to the neck.

Cetacea. The whales and dolphins.

Chelonia. The tortoises, turtles, &c.

Chiroptera. The hand-winged mammals ; that is to say, the Bats.

Chordates. Animals having a spinal cord.

Coleoptera. An order of insects including the beetles.

Clavicles. The collar-bones ; the bones that together form the merry-
thought in birds.

Coccyx. The lower end of the spinal column.

Condyle. The surface by which one bone articulates with another.

Coracotd. The bone in the shoulder-girdle, which is a mere process of
the scapula in mammals, but is well developed in birds.

Coriaceous. Leathery.

Costal. Pertaining to the ribs.

Creodonta. Primitive carnivores, whose lower molar teeth are generally
shaped like flesh-teeth. (See Dental Formula.)

Cuspfidate. Waving small pointed elevations or ‘ cusps.’

Cutaneous. Pertaining to the skin.

Dental Formula. A short method of describing the number and de-
scription of the teeth. Adult man, for instance, has 32 teeth, of
which 16 are in the upper jaw and 16 in the lower. Each set of
16 consists of 4 ‘incisors’ in front, then 2 ‘canines,’ one on each
side, then 4 ‘premolars,’ 2 on each side, and then 6 ‘molars,’
being 3 on each side. As there are the same number of teeth in
each half-jaw, the set can be briefly tabulated as incisors 2, canines 1,
premolars 2, molars 3; or for upper and lower jaws 7. 2, c. 4,
p.m. 2, m. %; but as the series is always in the same order the
letters can be dispensed with, and the formula further abbreviated
into 2428, In man both jaws have the same number of teeth, but
this is not the case among all the mammals. The canines are fre-
quently known as the eye-teeth, and the premolars as the bicuspids.

Dermal. Pertaining to the integument,

Dextral, Right-handed.

Diastema. A gap, such as the interval in the jaw of the Ruminants.

Diastole, The expansion of a contractile cavity.

Didelphia, Another name for the Marsupials.

Differentiation, The separation of parts which are united in siinpler
forms of life.

Digit. A finger or toe.

Diphyodont, Waving two sets of teeth.

Dipnot. Double-breathing fishes.

Dorsal. Pertaining to the back.

Ldentata, Mammals which have no front or incisor teeth,