250 REYNARD THE FOX

p. xi. The y comes from the Flemish, the Middle
English form was Leneward.

Lsegrim. The original form was Jsengrim or possibly
Lsangrim, and was current among the Folk before it
appeared in literature (see Introduction, p. xviii.).

P. 3. House by violence, Ren. br., ii. Rein. 563-634. ‘This
incident of the adultery of Reynard with the she-wolf forms
the central motif in the Roman, and was developed in the
later branches. It occurs among folk-tales in which at
times the she-bear takes the place of the she-wolf, while
on other occasions the hare replaces the fox (cf. Sudre,
Sources, pp. 153-157). Marie de France (c. 1200) tells
the story of a fox and she-bear.

Refused to swear. Referred to in a few lines, Rex. br. I.
37-42 as here, but developed at greater length in dr. V.;
an earlier form in Rez.

P. 4. Zibert. In Retin. Diepreht. As a personal name
one of the earliest actors in the Cycle.

Curtois. In the Roman this is applied to the ewe.

P. 5. Panther, derived from the Pancer, in fen. 126,
which has probably only an accidental resemblance to the
name of the beast.

Kyward, from the Cuvaert of “&eyz. In the later
editions of Caxton it is misprinted Ruward. It is the
same word with the same meaning as our ‘ coward.’

CHAPTER II

Continuation of the Plea, see chap. i, Caxton, chap. iv.

P. 8. Grimbard does not occur in Rein., but probably
one of the earlier names.

Brock, that is, the badger.

Reynard’s sister's son. This is not an attempt at