THE BULL. 207

thirteen sub-families. I Bovine, II Tragelaphine, III Orygine,
IV Hippotragine, V Gazellinz, VI Antilocaprinz, VII Cer-
vicaprinz, VIIT Cephalophinz, IX Alcephaline, X Budorcine,
XI Rupicaprine, XII Nemorhedine, XIII Caprine.
ae ies The sub-family Bovinze includes the Bull, the
ang Bison, and the Buffalo. The antiquity of the
The Buffalo. ruminants shrouds their origin in obscurity. They
are of frequent mention in the sacred writings as belonging
to the earliest historic period, and as living in a state of
domestication in all times. The Bull has a very wide geo-
graphical area, and is found in most parts of the world. In
England, as the Rev. J. G. Wood puts it, there are almost
as many breeds as counties, and they are generally distin-
guished by the length or shape of their horns. The “long-
homed” breed belong to Lancashire, the “short-horned”
to Durham, the “middle-horned” to Devonshire, besides
which there is the “polled”, a hornless breed. Of the Bison
there are two species, one belonging to Poland and the Cau-
casus, and the other to North America. The Buffalo belongs
to the south of Europe, to India, and to North Africa,
the Cape Buffalo inhabiting the south of “the dark conti-
nent.”
The Bull. Few animals show as much difference of dis-
The Ox. position in the male and female as the Bull
The Cow. and the Cow. The Bull is often excited to un-
governable fury, is generally unsafe and often dangerous.
These characteristics have doubtless marked him out as the
object of sport in the Roman Amphitheatre and the Spanish
Bull fight. The Cow, on the other hand, displays a gentle
and docile disposition, is placid, mild, and obedient to the
will of those who govern it. The Bull is kept mainly for the
purposes of breeding, being too uncertain for use as a beast
of burden or for other employment. The Ox which is the
subdued offspring of the Bull and the Cow, is much more
amenable to control and therefore a much more useful