12
23. Mountains.

Which pictures show mountains with sharp
tops? Which show rounded tops?

How does a mountain differ from a valley ?
How does it differ from a hill ?

Most mountains are made of layers of rock
that are tilted and bent. The rock is often
hidden under a thin coat of soil.

In some places long and deep valleys have
been worn in plateaus. The high ridges and

MOUNTAINS.

volcanoes have deep valleys worn in their
sides, and it is thought that these are very
old. . ‘

A row of mountains is called a mountain
range. Point to the picture of a low range
of mountains having rounded tops.

Find a range with snow upon it. These
mountains are so high and cold that snow
and ice lie upon them all the year.

Do you think that it would be easy to walk
along the divide or top of a range?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

You would have to climb over

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the highest poimts, and cross the
notches between them.

The top of a range is called a
crest. Point as near as you can
to the crests of two ranges.

Which crest looks like saw
teeth? Which looks like waves ?

High poimts in a crest are called
peaks. Find six sharp peaks.
Find three rounded ones.

Only a few people live on the
sides of mountains. The land is
rough, and it is hard to make
good roads there.

In some places on mountains
there is grass enough for cattle

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

and sheep, but the soil is gener-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cascade Peak, Rocky Mountains.

points of land that are left standing among
such valleys are often called mountains or hills.

For ages and ages, melted rock and ashes

have been pushed up from beneath the sur-
face of the earth, or have been blown up by
gases. This melted rock is called Java.

In many places the lava and ashes are in
great heaps that look like mountains or hills.
The mouth from which the lava and ashes
came, 1s called a crater. A great heap of lava,
having a crater, is called a volcano. Some

ally very poor. Can you tell why?
What becomes of the rock that
crumbles on steep slopes ?

The roads across mountain ranges run
through the low places, or passes, in the
crests. Point to three passes.

Have you heard of the St. Bernard dogs that
have saved so many lives in a famous pass?

Many long tunnels have been made through
ranges. Trains of cars run through some of
these, and save many miles of travel over
lofty crests.

Some tunnels are cut through solid rock.