ADVENTURES OF THE CALIPH HAROUN ALRASCHID, 215 people, and hear their reports of his court and government. On one occasion he and his grand vizier Giafar disguised themselves as foreign merchants, and went their way through the different parts of the city. As they entered on a bridge which connected together the two parts of the city of Bagdad, divided by the River Euphrates, they met an old blind man, who asked alms. The caliph put a piece of gold into his hand, on which the blind man caught hold of his hand, and stopped him, saying, ‘Sir, pray forgive me; I desire you would either give me a box on the ear, or take your alms back again, for I cannot receive it but on that condition, without breaking a solemn oath which I have sworn to God; and if you knew the reason you would agree with me that the punishment is very slight.’ The caliph, unwilling to be detained any longer, yielded to the impor- tunity of the blind man, and gave him a very slight blow: whereupon he immediately let him go, thanked and blessed him. When they came into the town they found in a square a great crowd of spectators, looking at a young man who was mounted on a mare, which he drove and urged full speed round the place, spurring and whipping the poor creature so barbarously that she was all over sweat and blood. The caliph, amazed at the inhumanity of the rider, stopped to ask the people if they knew why he used the mare so ill, but could learn nothing except that for some time past he had every day. at the same hour, treated her in the same manner. The caliph, on his way to his palace, observed in a street, which he had not passed through for a long time, an edifice newly built, which seemed to him to be the palace of some one of the great lords of the court. He asked the grand vizier if he knew to whom it belonged; who answered he did not, but would inquire; and thereupon asked a neighbour, who told him that the house belonged to one Cogia Hassan, surnamed Alhabbal, on account of his original trade of rope-making, which he had seen him at work at himself, when poor; that without knowing how fortune had favoured him, he supposed he must have acquired great wealth, as he defrayed honourably and splendidly she expenses he had been at in building. The grand vizier rejoined the caliph, and gave him a full account of what he had heard. ‘I must see this fortunate ropemaker,’ said the caliph, ‘and also this blind beggar, and the young man who treated the mare so cruelly; therefore go and tell them to come to my palace.’ Accordingly the vizier obeyed. pointed out the hours, struck them by dropping little balls on a bell or drum, and caused little doors to open and a number of knights on horseback to come out as corresponded with the hours. He was the last of the caliphs who made a pilgrimage to Mecca, and he visited the prophet’s shrine eight different times. He made Bagdad his capital, and the tomb of Zobeide is still shown there. He reigned a.p. 780 to 805. Gibbon gives a graphic account of the riches and splendour of Haroupv Alraschid.