48 “Healthful airs of the forest? What is the world ‘of ‘war ‘and loss, burning ‘castles and tumbling thrones, to them? What but so much material for ‘moving, ‘thrilling song? These roving ‘minstrels were often of great secret service to armies in time of war, for they could travel where others could not, and many were the momentous missions they undertook. The Troubadour was always free to go and come, a welcome guest, a jolly good fellow. ‘The camp fires might be burning, armies moving from base to base, but amid the tramp of marching men and the shifting of military posts he was secure in his privilege as a neutral person. Asa song, the turning of three somersaults, or a new wh ie Z ee jest was sufficient password to hostile camps, it naturally followed that he should often be >} outer lines, and into castles whose gates were closed by armed men. Imagine him spirit- edly reciting some heroic tale to a group of rough and iron-clad warriors — restless soldiers of tortune, who listen to him with savage in- terest, clinking their swords as an accompani- ment to his song. While they make jokes at his expense they house and feed him. They reward him with curious trinkets taken in bat- tle, a quaint ring, or ancient bracelet, a gem- crusted drinking-cup, which serves to swell his possessions. But the cunning Trouba- 4 dour takes the number of theirspears. He fi spies the secret gates where the men go in and out at night bear- ing supplies of pro- visions and arms. He learns the plans for to- morrow’s foraging. In short, a song, a simple story, a few amusing tricks, secretly turns the tide of battle, set- tles the fate of kings and queens, Among the many unhappy queens of merry England, Elea- nora of. Aquitaine stands in her place. Her ‘reign was full of trouble and misfortune, although ‘Henry the Second was a most peace-loving king of employed as a spy or messenger, penetrating * Coes ff Ae el UNDER THE GREENWOOD TREE. THE TROUBADOURS. his time. Referring:to her ambitious and captive son, Richard -Cceur de Lion, who, bythe way, was . a Troubadour, she describes herself in one of her letters to the Pope: “ &ileanora, by the wrath of God, Queen of England.” Well, the turbulence of her reign was often due to the war songs of Troubadours; for if. ever it occurred that hér impetuous sons were inclined to a season of peace, the Troubadours always broke into their retirement with passionate and boastful zevsons which urged them to revolt and battle. As the Marseillaise has resounded in the streets of Paris in our time, inspiring men and women with feelings of enthusiasm and reckless