from the condensery and from households, and where it is felt that the development of
larger dairies has failed largely because of lack of skilled management.

 Details are not yet available from the 1960 census, but estimates of the labour force
made by governments indicate that in Jamaica in 1957, 49% of the labour force was en-
gaged in agriculture; in Trinidad, in 1956, 25%; and in British Guiana inthe same year 39%.
We should expect to find the proportions slightly lower at a more recent date as the effect
of migration and urbanisation has definitely been at the expense of the agricultural labour
force rather than that of other sectors.

 This urbanisation is illustrated in Jamaica by reference to figures comparing the popu-
lation of Kingston and St. Andrew (the most important urban area in Jamaica) in 1943 and
1960. In 1943, the population of Kingston and St. Andrew was 238,229 or 19.25% of the
total population of Jamaica, and in 1960 it was 421,718 or 26.14% of the total population.

 Detailed, reliable figures on net migration are not available for all territories. It was
estimated as 6,800 in Jamaica in 1958, and 16,300 in 1959. The period 1959-62 has been
the heaviest migration period, and it is believed that the Leeward Islands and Windward
Islands have lost more, proportionate to their total population, than have the larger islands. In-
deed, in Mont serrat with a population of 12,000 at the 1960 census it is believed that between 200
and 25% of the population has been lost by migration in the last four years.

 Migration has undoubtedly affected the rural areas more than urban areas, and has led
to seasonal labour shortages in many territories. These seasonal shortages have been
met by temporary movements of workers from one island to another in the Leeward Is-
lands. Windward Islands and Barbados, and to a lesser extent from one area to another
in Jamaica.

 Migration is associated, by some observers, with the attitude of mind which appears to
exist among many West Indians, that agricultural labour, and particularly that associated
with the sugar industry, is to some extent degrading and associated with slavery. How far
this attitude exists is difficult to say, but it is felt that a better approach and wider accep-
tance of agriculture as a way of life would follow a change from low-skilled, cheap labour
type of production to more specialised forms bringing higher income. But of course such
an agricultural revolution presupposes that educational standards will be raised and the
necessary skills will be forthcoming.


Investment in agriculture
 Unfortunately, estimates of gross domestic fixed capital formation do not give very ex-
 act breakdowns of capital formation by industry, but broad figures indicate the amount of
 capital invested in agriculture in the four territories for the period 1956-60 (Table 4. 5.vii

 From import returns we find that in 1959 Jamaica imported BWI$4,379,894 worth of
 farm implements, machinery and tractors, Trinidad BWI$1,944,000, the Leeward Islands,
 Windward Islands and Barbados approximately BWI$452,000 worth, and British Guiana
 BWI$3,598,895. (A small part of the tractor imports may have been for non-agricultural
 purposes.)