SStot = [(8.6)2 +...+ (7.0)2] CF = 6.17875 SSE = SStot (SSB + SST) = 6.17875 (0.21125 + 5.91375) = 0.05375 The highly significant effect among treatments indicates that a mean separation test should be performed to look for statistical differences. For this specific case Duncan's New Multiple Range test (Little and Hills, 1978; Steel and Torrie, 1980) is used. First start by computing least significant ranges (Rp) by the following formula: Rp = qaSR where qa = significant "studentized" ranges taken from a table (Steel and Torrie, 1980). a = level of significance (.05) p = number of treatment means involved in the comparison = 2,3,4 The values are summarized below: P 2 3 4 q.05(p,3df) 4.50 4.50 4.50 and Rp is 0.426 0.426 0.426 NOTE: the values for qa in the table (see Steel and Torrie, p. 586) are taken for p = 2, 3, 4 and d.f. = 3 The values for Rp were calculated by using the formula previously shown, where