134 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 43

with their enemies. Itesides, when they return Iholm, in whatever way things
have turned out, ithe great war chief pays to the family for those whom he
does not bring back, a circumstance which renders the chiefs nore careful in
leading their warriors."
 TREATIES OF PEACE
 From Charlevoix:

 Treaties of peace and alliances are made with great pomlp, and the great
chief on these occasions always supports his dignity like a true sovereign. As
soon as he is informed of the day of the arrival of the ambassadors, he gives
his orders to the masters of the ceremonies for the preparations for their
reception, and names those who are by turns to maintain these envoys; for it
is at the cost of his subjects that he defrays the expenses of the embassage.
The day of the entry of the ambassadors every one has his place assigned him
according to his rank; and when the ambassadors are come within 500 paces
of the great chief, they stop and sing the song of peace (pl. 4. c).
 Cominonly the embassy is (composed of 30 men and 6i womien. Six of Ithose
with] the best voices march at the head of this train and sing aloud, the rest fol-
low, and the (hii(.hirou(i b serves to regulate the time. When the great chief
makes signs to tie ambassadors to approach, they renew their mlarchl; lose whol
carry the calumet dance as they sing, and turn themselves on every side, with
many motions, and make a great many grimaces and contortions. They renew
the same tricks round about the great chief when they are come near hlim; then
they rub him with their calunet from head to foot, and afterward go and rejoin
their company.
 Then they fill a calunet with tobacco, and holding fire in one hand they
advance all together toward the great chief, and present him the calumet
lighted. They smoke with him, and blow toward the sky the first whiff of their
tobacco, the second toward the earth, and the third round about the horizon.
When they have done this, they present their calumets to the relations of
the great chief and the subaltern chiefs. Then they go and rub with their hands
the stomach of the great chief, after which they rub themselves all over the
body; and lastly, they lay their calunets on forks over against the great chief,
and the orator of the embassy begins his speech, which lasts an hour.
 When he has finished, they make signs to the ambassadors, who till now are
standing, to sit down on benches placed for them near the great chief, who
answers their discourse, and speaks also a whole hour. Then a master of the
ceremonies lights a great peace calumet, and makes the ambassadors smoke in
it, who swallow the first mouthful. Then the great chief inquires after their
health, and all those who are present at the audience pay them the same com-
pliment; then they conduct them to the cabin that is appointed for them, and
where they give then a great feast. The evening of the same day the great
chief makes them a visit; but when they know he is ready to do them this
honor, they go to seek him, and carry him on their shoulders to their lodging,
and make him sit on a great skin. One of them places himself behind him,
leans his hands on his shoulders, and shakes him a pretty long time, while
the rest, sitting round on the earth, sing of their great actions in the wars.
 These visits are renewed every morning and evening; but in the last the
ceremonial varies. The ambassadors set lp a post in the midst of their cabin,
and sit all round it. Thi warriors who accompany the great chief, or, as they
call him, the Sun, dressed in their finest robes, dance, and one by one strike

 a Du Pratz, IIist. de La Louisiane, i1, 4:1-4:17. 1 Gourd rattle.