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 ,
 Vol. I. TALLAHASSEE : :- .
 FRIDAY 1 1BVEilY
 MARCH 24, 1826. No. 21. -
 1I


 __ -.-;-....." .,-_"vFLIBIJ1SIIE .:-.._.-.. ,_,_ ,9 I .--- '----- .. S I I .- 'S --r. ,

 u FRIDAY BY township, and as near adjacent able. These
 as
 : inhabitants
 are small at the Government price, with the 1 I state
 J requires that
 AMBROSE CRANE, lands of equal quantity, and like ;planters, whose lands in the old privilege of entering 640 acres by it. I do sum to improve .
 quality, can be obtained, in lieu of States have been I not hesitate to believe, that !
 : exhausted cultivation -
 by each
 ihe Laws of the the section individual ; the"samf' right was the )land in the stale in which these
 to print or of section :
 Aut1io1ied parts a and who animated
 with the extended, by law to the settlers
 at sealers found it
 STA1 !:. and of the Tern which shall have been entered in laudable desire of was not worth more "
 TINTED improving their Gallibpolis, and in the District of than the sum
 of Florida. right of pre-emption, according to i. condition, and that of their rising families Cincinnati, they ate required to
 torr
 this
 the provisions of this section. pay by law. It is a sound principle -
 price Five Dollars per annum payable have encountered.all the In Illinois of {II
 by an act Congress in
 The bill politics and ethics that he'
 having been 1'rad- t
 of
 in advance. hardships penetrating to the bor- passed in 1814, after donations had who benefits the
 thecustOn'7 Mr. WHITE, of Florida, said, if ders of the public, is entitled ;
 inserted ,
 on country disregarding the been
 Advertisements this given by law, the right of preemption to his reward. That the has :
 were a
 subject introduced for difficulties of the country
 terms. journey, and unap- was given, to February, been .
 up
 the first time to the greatly improved$ by the labors
 -.'-. ._- consideration of palled, either by the labors or the forest 1813, of nol less than 160, nor more of these
 _---.6< Congress he should incfividuals, cannot be denied -
 it
 approach or the enemy in its bosom. Any than 640 acres-in Indiana.
 to and
 up what will
 ; be heir reward
 with some embarrassment
 CONGRESSIONAL. not for ,imputations upon their motives, or 1813, both subsequent the law of if this law does
 ?
 f i" -- the want confidence in its justice, question as to their right, would be 1007.; In Michigan, to U04, with means not pass Their
 but purchasing have been
 at theintroduction of ex
 REPRESENTATIVES, a new sys- the strongest censure upon our own other indulgences to the settlers. lit hausted in the
 HOUSE OF
 of improvements of the
 February 21, 182G. .tem I .policy-. I. .in the_ disposition_ of forefathers, who sought this continent i Mississippi, after great liberality in country, and the :
 high ofio
 price -
 me PUU9Jans ; ana mum a reluc- influenced the
 by '
 same praise-
 Rights in Florida. granting donations, pre-emptions visions and the
 Pre-emption i inevitable i .
 tancevhitheveiy one must feel, in worthy consderations.: cOllse-
 A
 more respectable allowed
 were to 1607, and the .
 up will
 be
 proposing innovations established quence that they will b, turned -
 The House bt'ig in Committee on population is not to be i purchasers given to 1813 to pay for from their housi forced
 law and s. from
 usage. This is, howeer found in of the Slates. If ,
 any however the lahds. In
 whole Mr. Forsyth in the ? Missouri, Louisiana, their
 of the bill. \ no new proposition in the legis sir, there was a law of the Uni- and Arkansas the plantations, by the rapacit) of ,
 rights the
 the following same weregiven heartless
 chair, on lation of with but
 the country-it is coeval ted States specu.ator, an
 interdicting settlements to settlers. It is manifest(, sir incotuiderablr
 "A BILL giving the right of pre- I with the origin of our Government upon the public lands, I could plead, from I a reference to these laws, that Treasury. \uu augmentation to the

 mption in the purchase of lands, I was practised, previously, by the as an excuse for them, the uniform the system has been adopted and continued the distress that cannot conceive; sir, #
 it
 will
 in the former sovereign in all the coloniesis legislation of occasion.
 certain settlers Territoryof Congress rewarding its almost
 to uniformly in all the They ha\e
 on ai.count of ,iht
 identified causes
 with
 Florida.Be our legislative violaters, and quote the old maxim, stales and Territories where therewe..e
 enumerated but
 nioder.ir .
 it enacted, Sec. That every per- history, and has been pnrsued, with "communis error, facit jus''-he was public lands, and if it was inexpedient They -- n-.p.MtR.- -----
 cannot enter the lists of
 the legal representatives of unbroken continuity, with various, fortunately however, not reduced to i om-
 son, or why has it not been arrested petition with those who
 any person w ilO, being either the but unessential modifications, from. such an alternative. The law does he-fore now "? All that is solicited by their arc atlrrfC'cd -
 of family or the year 1780 to the present period.i not prohibit such settlements and he improvements, the tsuit '- '
 bead a twenty-one years l for Florida is what has been of toil and labor ,
 of age, did, on or before the first He did not perceive any thing to i would shew that the act of 1807, granted elsewhere. This bill doe*, had no participation,.in and which for which they

 day of January; in the year one thousand justify a departure from it, at this 'which was considered the basis of not provide to the same extent that" they feel ..

 t'rll'; hundred and twenty fiectuaUy time, either in the condition of the such exclusion, did not embrace this others have ; in Louisiana and Mississippi Mr. W.no -'n'Jathy.{
 could
 :; inhabit and cultivate a tract Government, or of the inhabitants of class of settlers ; and if it had, that these not, in Justice to
 ights
 were given to the
 of lani. situated in the Territory of Florida. If there was any thing erroneous :Jaw was practically repealed. That sealers for ten years after the changeof subject, dispense with the necessity -

 Florida, which tract is not rightfully in principle, defective in, !act, which is entitled "An act to Government. The In- oi'mforniiug! the House, how

 daJ! !,.t'd by any oilier: person, and practice, or injurious in its consequences :prevent intrusions on the public had the honor to represent country, was surrendered these things were managed. A saieofpublic <: ,

 who sha'l' not have removed from it ought, and would have lands," provides, that if any one in 1&-M ; this bill ony: pro- lands is ad\'el'tised-tle

 the said Ten"Uon shall be entitled been discovered and exploded long Ishall take possession of, or attempt vides for four years instead of ten sharpers of the adjoining states,

 to the rieht.... of l we-emotion" & in thtpurchase since ; the fact, however, of its having ''to survey lands ceded to the United In_ some others they were allowed strengthened by the aids of usurers .

 thereof, under the same received the sanction'of all the States, IK, shall forfeit his claim, and 320 and (640 acres of land, and in and banks, club together their AiMts ;

 terms restrictions-conditions, administration for upwards of thirty the President him l flock to the
 : pro- may remove >y most instances lime has been given country. like vuliuies,
 bi1'1ts *;nd regulations! in every respect years, and of almost every succes- force. This law: was passed 110"lIlolIg for payment. B) the terms of the at "death's prophetic] knell," traverse -

 as .re directed by the act, en- i :,1\ e Congiess, is an undoubted argument after the cession of Louisiana bill under consideration, mey have all the roucis made by the honest '

 tit Ird "An net giving tht- light, of in favor of its justice, and !to the U. States, and its evident object the right purchase( for lr>u acres, settlers ; survey the whole dstrict ; -'
 "'nip.ion: in tne ofo policy : and it would be admitting was to of
 ,
 pr purchase prevent surveys large for which thc-y pay cash. This, sir, ; take notes of well-im
 lalt,' : :' : rtan srUiers in he Illinois the last sister into the Union, most laims, the validity of which were is a most reasonable is every
 lequesi, as proved place ascertain ;
 whether
 T-'rritf-n ,'' passed FeNruaiy ungraciously, 'to deny her rights doubled, and to prohibit those hav- shewn by the foregoing comparison, there is ; :

 the fifth, one tliousuiu: eiht hundred which the munificent legialation of r ling unlocaled floating permits, from if his granted ; as it is an cxercisof \' ter a spot endeared to a pru-!
 and llirteen. Pro idrd the Nation has conferred on being and on account of its (:0l1ta nl1g the
 that no : every surveyed settled on the bounty, the People of Florida will
 pn=>Ti s.;all be entitled! to the pro- other new (1tate and Territory. Sir. best (lands of that rich Territory, and not stop to inquire what has been bones of a wife, child or frieiii ; and

 visi Jiis of this bfciion, who claims I should not like to be the messenger hence t they employ the phraseology done elsewhere, but offer their sin- when the sale begins, the piaLttrs

 any 'ran of land in said Territory, of such unwdcome intelligence, ;"forffit his claim." The Government cere benedictions for the Government are informed privately that, unless

 byvinue of a connrmatiotf of the 10 a People proud to acknowledge were desirous prohibiting by that has protected their families they pay so much to this holy ulli- toance

 Commissioners, or by virtue of any the repealed evidences of your liberal force, if necessary, the location of in the enjoyment of their homes, ,' their farms a.id houses will betaken

 set ol (,"Ii.ress.: and .e panded nolicv-:'and whQ these floating and fraudulent claims the formation of which from them.rrhe
 have unpleasantfetetiFof
 : would not like to recur to so signalan that me occupancy ol .,..__ _r..Ilhe ill they
 Nr. .1. jfl(! be it further enacted, I 5: i I. ** .. .,_ t '
 That anv person, and the legal rep- I instance of a departure from pre- i 'change, might not be pleaded asa chasing, in competitions with oth- jfu ,rpoY t fJQu/f V1M 1 utQ

 rt l'l."aive of any person, entitled toapieffirrjce cedent, so inconsistent with the liberal prescriptive right. Another consideration ers, attracted by their improve session. If it is giveneither in mo- '

 ii! becoming the purchaser spirit that has characterizedyour I which probably impelled ments. ney or in bond, all I others are forbidden -

 from ihe United States of a legislation, and so blighting to the enactment of thai law, was to enable Are there any circumstances or to bid for the land, and it is purchased -

 tract of land at private sale, according their hopes and prospects. The policy the President, in a summaryway difficulties connected with the settlement at the price proposed in

 to the provisions of this act, of all the Governments on this to preserve the valuable timber o(Louisiana or Mississippi, this bill, from the United States, and

 who is settled on a fraction of a sec- side of the Atlantic, has !been to extend by the expulsion of intruders, to distinguish them from, or give perhaps the same sum to the com
 their setllemen's as widely without a resort to the tedious ,and this Terrilory
 as
 them preference over -
 tion fractional a
 or a quarter section, pany. Should it not be given, the
 containM; less than one ,hundred possible attach the inhabitants to protracted pioctss of law. und the ? If there was any difference in land is purchased for a few dollars

 and sixty acres shall have the privilege the country, .and their Government, consequent destruction! of the public point of peril and pl'i\ ation, it was more than the means of the honest
 of by givirg them an actual share in property in the mean lime. Il never on the side of Florida. After the
 purchasing one or more ad- settler, who is sacrificed and the
 joining fr.xctionalqu arter sections, the real property, that they mightnot was, and could nol be, the intentionof change of Government, the present ; ,

 or the adjoining section including in times difficulty, return the that law, or any other of the United inhabitant travelled from the Sou- public treasury augmented a few
 quarter -
 their improvements, or the answer of the Roman People on States to prohibit settlement ihein Sihtes several hundred miles cents. It is to pre\ ent this vile

 fraction improved by them, at their Mount A\entine, to the Ambassadors upon the public lands. The Register thiough the Creek Nation, or around bartering, or the consequent injuriesto

 option. of the -enate. Pioneer and adventurers was authorized to grant permits it, through forests. cutting roads, those \\lio will not engage in it,

 Sec. $. And be it further enacted, of new colonies and settle- to selllers. Trje act of 1807 was and constructing bridges, swimming that this l lew is de raLle., Such

 That incase' where two or more flu nts, formed under so many diffi- re-enacted in express terms in that creeks and rivers, and after their arrival were the excesses to which these

 entitled to the right of preemption persons cull ies- nd privations, at the sacrifice of 26th of March, 1816 ; contains for the first two or three years practices: were carried, in the Southern -

 shall be settled on one quarter also many comforts, and contributing the same provisions :so far as the under the necessity of purchasing 1 part of Alabama: that their

 or fractional quarter section of so many important bene- settlements \\ eIe concerned' and superseded provisions at three (;1' four times the: I II C'ourts"ere crowded with suits, up-

 land each person shall be authorizedto fits lo the country, in increasing its I that act. This Statute expired amount they now cost. I on notes of this description. Instances -

 facilities,tending its empire, and[ by its own limitation, one 1
 purcnase one or more quarter i equally distressing; have w cur-
 thereafter in 1817 when Is it equitable or that men
 proper
 Actions, or fractional protecting its borders, have alwaysjeen year an red and will in Florida.-
 quarter sec- again occur
 lions of and ought to be rewarded. Influenced act was passed, obviously to reined} who hate encountered all these difficulties !
 the section, or fractional section By the of this law
 of by these considerations, the i the defects of the other,,and to pro- submitted to these dangers : passage you
 land on which they arc so set- save from ruin an industrious enter-
 furnished these
 and
 vide foi and privations,
 tleu Governments of France, England, more effectually me same I
 ol'lhe next adjoining section : facilities for others to into he.. prising class of men, who have confided -
 and the and Spain, have made gratuitous : object. The necessity of one part having -, get
I section fractional
 section
 or
 oflanu grants of land to their subjects who be n dispensed with, in the adjustment counny, should be put into equal in your munificence from aknowledge

 settled, cpuu which such persons are improve, inhabit, & cultivate them. of land titles, it was provi- 'competition with those who have of your long continued legislation -
 shaii be
 divided between
 equally The exercise of this indulgence ha> (rd( that the Secretary of the Navy, made no expenditures, and availed on the same subject. It is

 Register tlK-ii'aiici m R such manner as the been so universal, that it is considered under the direction of the President, themselves of the conveniences of also important in a political point pf
 ceivcr, within
 district whose inseparable from the colonial I hould layoff districts which mightbe their more intrepid pioneers ? Is it view. The lands on our borders at.d
 the
 and determine land.li, -s, shall direct state. The United States, recollecting useful for public timber, and, by just sir, that one who has, by impro- frontiers, should be occupied by men

far as be-jiractiCdOic so us to secure, as the favors extended to themselves proclamation, to prohibit intrusions ving the country, increased the value who are-competent and willing to
 may
 to every Government, on those 1't.'bt'I'ed districts, under severe of all the contiguous lands, and
 such the the first invasion of
 person, their i t. by parent repel our country.
 ;-< and! win r:(\enents' the respectively and animated by the same just and penalties ; if any order of this whose. labor alone has given additional Should this class be driven from the

 ofsU'ch! prrs-Giife'iaii improveznents be liberal policy, have not been less kind had been made, or any districts, ; value to the spot on which he lands, and'they were succeeded by
 two : upon bountiful to their citizens. selected, and the public notified by has located his family, shall be expelled -
 or more the of Southern
 quurtvi ss ctit.us quarters plantersand
 01' twr settled within without an equivalent from
 all who
 of the U.
 or more fracl'.ona A recurrence to the laws proclamation, ,
 what will be
 r4U-uticr sections. his to the ruthless speculators, our
 affording
 incur home
 that the the prohibited district would >> by
 -
 States will demonstrate
 such petitions
 person shall be entitled condition time of ? It is important
 to war -
 to
 pur- and an opportunity
 chass the of the People of Florida, upon -S the Imputation penally imposedby speculator
 tional quarter f>sections or F frac which the Land Committee have the act of 1807. Since the passage buy it over him ? Sir, some have that small planters should be

 his quarter sections, upon which reported this bill, tare neither new of the last act, there has been no authority pretended to doubt the policy of encouraged, and a dense and efficient

 improvements be. or unreasonable, but that they have given under the laws .of the these laws, from the beginning. 1 population invited_ and encouraged,

 Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, been sanctioned by numerous prece- United States to Registers to grant would inquire of such, how would at the limits of the Confederacy, devoted -

 That any person or persons who I dents. He conceived there was no: permits, because none were necessary you ever sell those frontier lands to the Govern ien\, '.J by a

 have settled on and improved any reasons deemed sufficiently forcible to authorize a settlement upon without loads and settlers? If any grateful recollection of its favors.

 of the lands in the said Territory, to justify a departure from the system the public lands ; they have, on the I gentleman supposes, that, upon an One successful sortie'of an enemy,

 reserved for the use of schools, be-I in Florida. Previously to making contrary, been rewarded by a privilege i' enlarged view of this subject, the U. and the occupation' of a favorable)

 fore the survey ot'such lands weie a particular reference to those) of purchase similar to what isproposed I States will loosn by the passage of point, might cost the Governmentmore

 VlnJ Actually.. : .1-_ _made. ,and. who would. _have laws, it might remove some pbscuri I in this_ 'bili." ___ _This'"_d, _liowcver ____-" unless this law he will avail be themselves greatly mistaken of the, than all the lands in district
 "* H;C rigni 01 pre-emption there- ty, and obviate some objections, to gives as smun aquauiny a5 u vi they would sell for to remove him.
 by of has been given, and smaller than I labor of those adventurous citizens, ,
 existing Uws, had not the same notice a misapprehension many '
 b'en; so reserved, shall have the rightof gentlemen in regard to settlementson has been accorded in many places, without a fair equivalent. The value In every view of the subject, 'precedent -

 It has been alleged a reference to the laws providingfor above the government price is and in
 pre-emption( thereto, under the the public lands. as : good-faith, policy, my
 same terms and ,conditions, and subject that the existing laws forbid: the right of pre-emption will de derived from their labor_ and the humble judgment, this lawought: to

 to the same restiictions, provi- settlements on the public lands, and[ monstrate. In Ohio, a grant of this means they have furnished in penetrating <

 ded form othcl cases of a right of denounce heavy penalties against all! kind was made to the United Brelh- the country.' See the retur'nsof pass.Mr. WHIPPLE -hadsome- S .

 ,Pre-emption in said Territory and such intruders, who were located! i ren on' the Muskingum ; and one the sales'in Tallahassee'j refer to thii-mod
 the ; of .afterwards to the price of lands in the States .doubt as.to the propriety
 Register and and some, million acres given ;
 Receiver of the there without authority ; I He,did not, however,
 Proper land district, shall have call'them squatters, which, so far as : John E. Symmes, upon condition, when it, sells for ,$12.per acre. ten oflegislation. the
 to select power either descriptive which having failed, six hundred of that is,derived:from the improvement rise for the:purpose L of;oppoiing ,
 any other vacant andun- it, is intended, as to
 appropriated lands, in the same or derogatory, was entirely unjustifi- J : thousand! acres were given to settlers because land in its vacant bill 'r but he objected generally

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