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and parts of La Paz department but yuri.fia is considered to
be Missionary or Radio Aymara by some speakers (see 9-6.2).
8-2.3 Directly/Indirectly acquired knowledge

(data source)

This postulate is expressed by verbal inflectional
suffixes (6-3), the reporting verb sa.fia (6-4 and 7-4.4) and
certain final suffixes (7-2.22). Its cultural importance is
conveyed in a saying found in almost all Aymara communities
(see 7-4.22.1 and Appendix D), which may be translated as

"Having seen, one must say “I have seen."

Not having seen, one must not say "I have seen."'
Closely bound up with this postulate is the cultural impor-
tance of learning by watching the behavior of respected
people, as reflected in the expressions noted in 8-2.2 with

reference to the human/nonhuman distinction.

Jaq uii.ta.sa.w sar.naqga.:ta. ‘Live (by) watching
people watching go around 2>3 real people. '
F

Kuna.r uf.ta.t sar.naq.ta.xa. ‘You go around looking

anything watching go around at anything.’ (How
2>3 stupid you are.) (La
S Paz/Compi)

In Aymara society, children are expected to learn by observa-
tion and in a very short time; they are expected to dis-

criminate, both qualitatively and in terms of who did and