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subjects or complements. However, certain verb stems and
verb themes that require a nonhuman subject reject nominali-
zation with -fia because on them -fia implies a human subject.
Examples of stems and themes that reject -fia are given below.

The selectional rules for the semantic features
of verb subjects and complements are very complex, changing
according to the verb root and the verbal derivational suf-
fixes occurring in a verb stem. Although investigation of
these rules was not formally undertaken for this study,
examples are given to illustrate the interplay of semantic
features and to suggest directions for future research.

Verbs which usually require a human subject include
verbs of carrying or moving specific shapes and consistencies
of objects (zero complements) by various means (Tate 1970)
and the general carrying verb apa.fia 'to take, carry’ (shape
and consistency of object and manner of carrying not speci-
fied). In its basic form this verb takes a human subject
but not a human complement. It may take a human complement
when a nonhuman noun with the complement/relational suffix

-ta occurs as a relational (instrumental) in the sentence.

*(Naya.x) (juma.r) apa.:ma. (Not possible)
Ip 2p ae

(Naya.x) (juma.r) awtu.t apa.:ma.
Ip 2p -ru. car -ta  Il-2
F