526

liwk ‘aiia ‘hoe’ (Salinas)
s impaiia ‘spider web' (all dialects) a

7-4.21.21 -fia abstraction of action

Verb infinitives in citation form do not neces-
sarily imply an obligation. Many cases of -na nominaliza-
tions are nonobligatory when serving as zero complements
of other verbs, especially if the verb nominalized with
-fia occurs without a personal possessive suffix and the
final suffix -wa does not occur in the sentence.

Verbs that frequently take -na zero complements

are the following:

ama:.na ‘to want' (Sitajara)

muna.fia ‘to want' (elsewhere)

galita.fia 'to begin' (general)
tuku.fia ‘to finish' (general)
yanapa.fia 'to help’ (general)

yati.fia ‘to know' (general)
yati.nta.fia ‘to learn by oneself' (Calacoa)

yati.qa.fia ‘to learn from someone else' (Calacoa)
‘to learn' (elsewhere)