524

*ap.s.ta.fia ‘for a human being to cloud over'

Qinaya.x ap.s.t.i.w. ‘It clouded over.' (La Paz/Tiahuanaco)
cloud 333

S

Although *ap.s.ta.na is not grammatical, ap.s.t.i.w ‘it

clouded over' is, with an inanimate nonhuman subject.
This recalls the behavior of verb themes created with
the verbalizer -pta- (see 5-3.42.1). Some verb themes
with -:- verbalizer are similarly restricted in La Paz,
e. g. lupi.:- (from lupi ‘sunlight'), because the
nominalized form *lupi.:.ha means 'for a person to become
sunlight'. Whether these semantic constraints operate
similarly in other dialects is not known at this time.

Certain verb infinitives with -fia may imply a
nonhuman subject in one dialect but may permit a human
subject in other dialects. An example is wawa.cha.fa,
which in La Paz means 'for animals to have offspring'
while elsewhere it is not restricted to animals but may
be used also for people. (See 8-2.25 for a fuller
discussion of verb subject semantics.)

Certain nominalizations with -fa have derived

meanings as concrete objects. Examples:

iki.fia ‘to sleep; bed, blanket, bedding' (general)

iya.fia ‘stone for grinding flour, etc.' (Juli)
‘to grind' (Jopoqueri, Calacoa; possibly also Juli)

iy.ta.fia ‘to grind’ (Comp)