wara wara 'star' (all dialects) wira wira ‘plant for making cough medicine’ (Salinas) Some reduplicative noun roots found in pre-Hardman pub- lished sources are the following: *chligi ch'igi '‘beetles' (Tschopik 1948:112) *pulla pulla ‘spines ' (Tschopik 1948:109) ‘tami tami tat nightfall' (Bertonio 1603b:185) 7-4.12 Reduplicative stems occurring as nouns These consist of roots that may also occur singly. They sometimes lose the last vowel of the base root. The meaning may be an emphatic or plural, but not always. Examples: Particle: mak.maki '‘fast' maki ‘fast, quickly’ (Calacala) Nouns: may.maya '‘different' maya ‘another' (Jopoqueri) gala.qala ‘place of many stones' gala ‘stone’ (all dialects; also Bertonio 1603b:260)