322 junt'u.cha.fia ‘to heat' (Calacoa) kama. cha. fia ‘what to do' (all dialects) kama ‘how’ lik'i.ch. iri ‘fat-maker' (Salinas) niya.cha.fia ‘to be nearly finished' (La Paz) suma. cha. fia ‘to make amends, decorate' (La Paz) In contemporary Aymara -cha- does not verbalize animate nouns. Bertonio (1603b:273) gave the example *gawra.cha-° ‘to create llamas' (said of God), but Vasquez (La Paz/Tiahuanaco) rejected it in favor of gawr uywa.fia 'to llama-raise' or gawr uh.s.ta.ya.fia ‘to make llamas appear' (metaphorical). -cha- may also occur as a verbalizer of noun stems ending in certain suffixes: -na possessive/ locational and -ni possessor. It is not always possible to tell which of the two is occurring, because on such stems the three-vowel rule applies (see 4-3.22.16), causing the vowel of the noun suffix to drop before -cha-. The following examples cited by Bertonio (1603b: 273) have the same meanings in La Paz today: uma.n.cha.fia ‘to mix something dry with water' quiigi.n.cha.fia ‘to make someone win (money)'