156

Morocomarca today although it occurs in the nearby dia-

lect of Jopoqueri.
4-3.21.3 Stop-voicing rules

Stop phonemes are usually voiceless in Aymara.
Voicing, if any, is subphonemic. It may be accompanied
by frication, the stop in question changing to a homor-
ganic voiced fricative.
4-3.21.31 Voicing and frication of intervocalic plain

stops

This occurs optionally in all Aymara dialects in
the demonstratives aka 'this' and uka ‘that' when they
occur suffixed. It occurs occasionally in certain other
morphemes, in some dialects. It occurs before but not

after a stressed vowel and most often in fast speech.

Examples:
aka [a4ka] ‘this' (never *[a4ga]) (all dialects)
uka [dka] ‘that' (never *[dga]) (all dialects)
Kuna.rak aka.sti? [agdsti] ‘What is this?' (Huancané)
uka.t [ugdt] 'then' uka.x [ugéx] '‘that' (all dialects)
uka.t.raji [ugatraji] ‘and then’ (Calacala)

An example from Calacala with uka.n ‘in there,

in that place' shows diphthong avoidance as well as