91

described adaptation of Spanish loans to Aymara phonology
(Hardman et al. 1975:3.81-88). Depending on the extent
of the speaker's knowledge of Spanish phonology, such
loans may be more or less ‘Aymarized'. As will be noted
in examples in other chapters, certain speakers incor-
porate Spanish loans that preserve some Spanish phonemes
(for example /b/ or /g/) while other speakers adapt such
loans to Aymara phonology. The whole process of entry
of Spanish loans into Aymara merits a study of its own
taking into account sociocultural factors. (See Chapter
9 for a discussion of heavily Spanish-influenced Aymara
dialects. Aymara influence’ on Bolivian altiplano

Spanish is now being investigated by H. Martin and

Laprade. )
3-4 Phonological Correspondences Within and Across
Dialects

One morpheme (the base form) may have a slightly
different phonemic shape in one dialect (or idiolect)
than in another. Usually differences of one or two pho-
nemes are involved. Some phonological correspondences
within or across dialects parallel morphophonemic varia-
tion within certain dialects: the rules that change one
phoneme to another or delete or retain phonemes in
certain morphemes in certain environments. These morpho-

phonemic rules are discussed in Chapter 4.