50

The stubborn refusal of the Aymara to be con-
verted, in spite of the best efforts of gifted and ener-
getic priests like Bertonio, was attributed then and
later to incapacity coupled with sheer cussedness.
Recent discoveries with respect to Aymara linguistic
postulates (see 8-2) have put the Aymara recalcitrance
in a new light. In any event, negative stereotypes of
the Aymara character had by the end of 35 years become
fully accepted among the colonizers and were to persist
well into the 20th century (see 2-3).

Very similar to Bertonio's work although shorter
is a grammar by another Jesuit assigned to Juli, Diego
de Torres Rubio, whose Arte de la lengua aymara appeared
in 1616. A photocopy, the original of which belongs
to the Instituto de Lengua y Cultura Aymara in La Paz,
is in the University of Florida Library. The photocopy
and the original lack pages 65 through 68 and pages 72
through 77. The volume contains following the Arte
the complete Catecismo en la lengua espafiola y aymara
del Piru originally published in Sevilla (1604) on the
basis of materials dating from a Provincial Council in
Lima in 1583. According to Rivet (1951:75), several
known copies of the Torres Rubio 1616 grammar are bound
with the Catecismo in this manner.

It is not known whether Torres Rubio and Bertonio

collaborated or worked independently. They were almost