48

as kinship terms, diseases, and sins to be reported in
confession. Checking these with Vasquez revealed that
many terms cited by Bertonio are perceived today as
awkward translations of Spanish terms into Aymara rather
than as native words or expressions. In this connection
it is interesting to note that in the introductory section
to the Vocabulario Bertonio indicated that he took the
entries (1) from Aymara translations of the lives of
Christ and the saints, sermons, comparisons of vices and
virtues, and so forth written by certain Aymara brought
up as Christians during the 35 years that the Jesuits
had been in Juli, and (2) from similar materials collected
by other priests. The entire dictionary, in other words,
was based on materials translated from Spanish into
Aymara, not the other way around.

An example with respect to kinship is illustrative.
In modern Aymara the nominalized verb apa.fia ‘to carry'
may also be used with the metaphorical meaning of ‘con-
temporary', ‘of the same age' (i.e., a person carried by
his/her mother at the same time as another person was
similarly carried). Bertonio translated it (or the
derived term apa.fia.ni ‘having a contemporary') as
'relative' (Spanish pariente), and used it to translate
sentences like 'If that woman is your relative you may
not marry her.' The present-day meaning of the Aymara

sentence (see 6-3.34.13) is ‘If that woman is your