12

Quillaca or Quillagua Southeast of Lake Poop6
(Bolivia)

Omasuyo East of Lake Titicaca (Bolivia)

Collahuaya Provinces of Mufnecas and

Caupolican (Bolivia)

Aymara is spoken today in the areas attributed
to the Lupaca, Pacasa or Pacaje, and Caranga or Caranca,
and in parts of the areas attributed to Omasuyo and
Collahuaya, other parts of which, like the other regions
cited above, are now largely Quechua speaking. Other
areas where Aymara is spoken today are not included above,
e.g. the present region of Mariscal Nieto province of
Moquegua and of Tarata province of Tacna, Peru. In any
case, determining where the early Aymara groups were
located is complicated by the ancient Andean system of
maintaining vertical archipelagos of colonies at differ-
ent ecological levels (Murra 1968 and 1972). For example,
the report of the administrative inspection (visita
general) by Garci Diez de San Miguel of the Lupaca-
controlled Chucuito province in 1567 cited the names
of towns subject to Chucuito but located in the valleys
sloping westward to the Pacific and eastward to the Yungas
and the valley of Cochabamba. Among these towns were
the following, most of which have modern counterparts:
Moquegua and Torata (department of Moquegua), Sama and

Tarata (department of Tacna), Larecaja (department of