2-4 Linguistic Studies ------------------ 62
2-4.1 Synchronic studies ------------------ 62
2-4.2 Historical studies ------------------ 78
2-5 Summary and Projection -------------- 78
VARIATION IN PHONOLOGY AND IN PHONOLOGICAL
SHAPE OF MORPHEMES ------------------------- 80
3-1] Introduction ------------------------ 80
3-2 Phonemes ---------------0r rere c nnn 80
3-2.1 Phonemic inventory ------------------ 80
3-2.2 Allophones -------------------------- 83
3-2.3 Canonical forms --------------------- 86
3-2.4 Restrictions on phoneme occurrence -- 87
3-3 Nonphonemic Phenomena --------------- 89
3-3.1 Stress ------------- een nner ere 89
3-3.2 Intonation -------------------------- 90
3-3.3 Spanish loans ----------------------- 90
3-4 Phonological Correspondences Within

and Across Dialects ----------------- 9]
3-4.1 Vowel correspondences --------------- 92
3-4.2 Consonant correspondences ----------- 100
3-4.3 Correspondences of vowels and/or

vowel length and nonstop consonants -- 127
3-4.4 Metathesis --------------------------- 132
3-4.5 Correspondence of final (C)CV

sequence with another CV sequence

OY Z@YO --------- n-ne nnn er renee 136
3-4.6 Correspondence of final /n(V)/ and

Z@YO ------------------- ee 137

3-4.7 Correspondence of initial /ja/ and
vowel length or zero, and corre-

spondence of final /ma/ and zero ----- 139
3-4.8 Combinations of correspondences in

One word ---------------- nnn n nner nee 139
3-5 Conclusion -----------------9--------- 140
VARIATION IN MORPHOPHONEMICS ---------------- 145
4-] Introduction ------------------------- 145

viii