800 Ch. 31. No. 7.| Carriage of Goods bv Sea. before the Ist of January, 1927, nor to any bill of lading or similar document of title issued, whether before or after such day as aforesaid, in pursuance of any such contract as aforesaid. SCHEDULE. Rules relating, to Bills of Lading. AK 1. Definitions. In these rule. the following expressions have the ‘anings hereby assigned to them respectively, that is to say-- (a) carrier includes the owner or the charterer who enters into acontract of carriage with a shipper; (6) contract of carriage " apphes only to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of lading or any similar document of title, in so far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by sea, including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid issued under or pursuant to a charterparty from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the relations between acarrier and a holder of the came; (c) goods ”’ includes goods, wares, merchandises, and articles of every kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried ; (7) ship’? vans any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea; (ec) carriage of goods — covers the period from the time when the goods i loaded on to the time when they are discharged from the ship. ARTICLE I, Risks, Subject to the provisions of Article V1., under every contract of carriage of goods by sea the carrier, in relation to the loading, handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care, and discharge of such goods, shall be subject to the responsibilities and liabilities, and entitled to the rights and immunities hereinafter set forth. ARTICLE IIT. Responstbilittes and Uabilitie.. 1. The carrier shall be bound, before and at the beginning of the voyage, to exercise due diligence to— (a) make the ship seaworthy; (») properly man, equip, and supply the ship; (c) make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.