266 / FIELDS OF INSTRUCTION biology, and organic chemistry. Calculus is highly recommended. If the stu- dent has not already taken PS 460, BLY 565, NES 540, or MED (or EGC) 508, he will be expected to take these courses early in his program. Course requirements: In addition to those listed above, most students will be required to take MED 680, MED 682, MED 684, and MED 689. MED 699 is required for all students majoring in radiation biophysics. COURSE FOR ADVANCED UNDERGRADUATES AND GRADUATES MED 508-FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIATION PROTECTION. 4 credits GRADUATE COURSES MED 680-RADIOLOGICAL PHYSICS. 4 credits X-ray generators, including high-energy electron accelerators and interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter relative to medical radiology. MED 681-HEALTH PHYSICS. 4 credits Prerequisites: MED 508, NES 540, or consent of instructor. Techniques of hazard evaluation and radiation control; monitoring methods; survey techniques; biological sampling; instrument calibration; exposure standards and radiation protection regulation; on-site radiation safety surveys and evaluation. MED 682-INSTRUMENTATION AND DOSIMETRY IN RADIOLOGY. 4 credits The electronics of diagnostic and therapeutic x-ray units; image amplifying tubes; video equipment in diagnostic radiology; dosimetry instrumentation, including ion- ization chambers, semiconductors, and luminescent devices; measurement in roent- gens; measurement of absorbed radiation energy; calculation of internal dose from implanted sources and radiation beams. MED 683-RADIOACTIVE TRACER INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODOLOGY. 4 credits Prerequisite: BLY 565. Analytical use of radioisotopes and activation analysis; preamplifiers, linear amplifiers, scalers, single and multichannel analyzers in gamma- ray spectrometry; beta and gamma-ray liquid scintillation detectors; tracer experi- ments, sample preparation, data analysis, and efficiency calculations. MED 684-RADIATION EFFECTS ON HUMANS. 4 credits Prerequisite: MED 680. Somatic and genetic radiation effects; acute and chronic radiation exposure; pathology; psychological and epidemiological aspects; funda- mentals of the application of radiation for treatment of disease. MED 685-COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE. 4 credits Corequisite: FORTRAN programming course. Review of programming funda- mentals (including use of computer at Computing Center, and remote terminal usage), medical problems, data preparation and representation, simulation, informa- tion retrieval, problems in radiation biophysics, with emphasis on radiation treat- ment planning. MED 686-NUCLEAR MEDICINE PROCEDURES. 4 credits Prerequisite: MED 688 and consent of instructor. Application of radioactive materials for diagnosis in medicine; in-vitro and in-vivo procedures such as hematological procedures, thyroid function tests, organ imaging, and dynamic function studies; internal dosimetry; radiopharmaceutical techniques. MED 687-PROBLEMS IN RADIATION BIOPHYSICS. 1 to 3 credits Selected topics dealing with radiation physics and radiation biology. May be repeated with change of content up to a maximum of 6 credits.