ZOOLOGY /175


ogy, genetics, paleontology, physiology, and systematic
biology. Specific areas of specialization include evolution-
ary biology, marine biology, population biology, and tropi-
cal biology.
 New graduate students should have completed under-
graduate courses in ecology, embryology, comparative
anatomy, invertebrate and vertebrate zoology, genetics,
physiology, one yearof physics, chemistry through organic,
and a sequence in mathematics or statistics. These courses
constitute a core curriculum for all candidates for a gradu-
ate degree.


EXP 6108-Survey of Sensory Systems (3) Prereq: PCB 4745Cor
BMS 6510 or GMS 7760. A group of specialists provides a survey
of theories and experimental data on human and subhuman
sensory reception and encoding. Auditory, visual, and the chemi-
cal and cutaneous senses are included.
GLY 6660-Paleoecology (3) Prereq:GLY4610CorZOO3203C.
Paleoautecology, paleosynecology, historical biogeography of
marine invertebrates, and ecological rules as applied to fossil
invertebrates.
PCB 5307C-Limnology (4) Prereq: PCB 4044C, CHM 2046.
Biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of inland waters.
PCB 5317C-Marine Ecology (4) Prereq: ZOO 3203C; CHM
2046 or equivalent. Marine communities, analytical techniques
and the physical, chemical, and biological factors that influence
them.
PCB 5415C-Behavioral Ecology (4) Prereq:ZOO3303Cor PCB
4044Cor consentof instructor. Behavioral adaptations of animals
to their natural environment.
PCB 5459-Morphometrics (3) Prereq: PCB 4044C, 4675, STA
3024, or equivalents. Quantitative methods of morphological
analysis, with applications in ecological, evolutionary, and physi-
ological biology. Multivariate techniques emphasized.
PCB 5726-Reptilian Functional Morphology (3) Prereq: verte-
brate anatomy and animal physiology, or consent of instructor.
Discussion of morphology and physiology of reptiles, including
survey of current approaches and concepts of functional adapta-
tion.
PCB 6049-Seminar in Ecology (2; max: 9) Prereq:permission of
instructor.
PCB 6355-Amazon Ecology (3) Prereq: basic knowledge of
geography and ecology. Background material and selected re-
search concerning dynamics of the Amazon rain forest. Emphasis
on animals and plants and their environmental adaptations.
PCB 6357C-Tropical Biology:An Ecological Approach (8) Field
study of ecological concepts in tropical environments. Offered in
Costa Rica as partof the program of the Organization for Tropical
Studies.
PCB 6377C-Physiological Ecology of Vertebrates (4) Prereq:
course in physiology. Physiological mechanisms that influence
distribution and ecological relations, water conservation, and
energy exchange in vertebrates.
PCB 6379-Seminar in Physiological Ecology (1-3; max: 9)
Prereq: PCB 4745C or 6377C or equivalent. Topics of current
interest in the physiological ecology or environmental and com-
parative physiology of animals.
PCB 6447C--Community Ecology (4) Prereq: PCB 4044C or
equivalent and permission of the instructor. The evolutionary
ecologyof communities; conceptual and quantitative approaches
to community structure. Field laboratories in representative com-
munities of the region.
PCB 6448C-Pollination Ecology (4) Prereq: consent of instruc-
tor. Interactions between plants and animal pollinators from an
ecological and evolutionary perspective, at individual, popula-
tion, and community levels.
PCB 6496C-Stream Ecology (4) Prereq:ENY3005C, PCB 4044C
or 3043C, CHM 2046, PHY 3054. Physical, chemical, and
biological interrelationships in flowing fresh water.
PCB 6605C-Principles of Systematic Biology (4) Theory of
biological classification and taxonomic practice. Laboratory ex-


perience in taxonomic procedures and techniques, including
computer methods.
PCB 6686C-Experimental Population Ecology (3) Consider-
ation of empirical tests of hypotheses concerning population
dynamics, competition, and predation.
PCB 6796C-Comparative Sensory Physiology (4) Prereq: PCB
4745Cor equivalentandconsent of instructor. Classical concepts
and modern research concerning the neurophysiological basis of
invertebrate and vertebrate behavior.
PCB 6815-Hormone Regulation of Invertebrate Behavior (3)
Survey and analysis of invertebrate behaviors regulated by hor-
mones. Invertebrates considered include arthropods, coelenter-
ates, helminths, and molluscs.
PGY 5246-Biophotography (3) Laboratory, field, and darkroom
techniques in 35mm still photography for biological research
publications, posters, and slide presentations.
ZOO 5115C-Vertebrate Paleontology (3) Prereq:ZOO 3703C
Evolutionary history of major vertebrate groups, with special
emphasis on principles of prehistoric investigations.
ZOO 5265C--Crustacean Biology (4) Prereq: ZOO 3203C or
permission of instructor. Biology of Crustacea including sys-
tematics, physiology, and adaptations to the environment, behav-
ior, life history strategies, and community ecology.
ZOO 5276C-Malacology (3) A discussion of the systematics,
origin, distribution, and ecology of the Mollusca. The laboratory
will emphasize the Southeastern fauna. Lecture will consider the
world fauna.
ZOO 5315C-Natural History of the Caribbean Area (4) A
consideration of various components of the fauna of the Antilles,
evaluating the influences of geological history and climate on
their evolutionary histories.
ZOO 5405C-The Physiology of Marine Animals (3) Functioning
and interrelationships of marine animals considered from the
standpoint of comparative physiology.
ZOO 5458-Fish Physiology (3) Prereq: functional vertebrate
anatomy and animal physiology or consent of instructor. A
consideration of the general and unique functions of organs and
organ systems of the fish-like vertebrates.
ZOO 5486C-Mammalogy (4) Prereq: ZOO 3303C.
ZOO 5939-Seminar in Morphology (2; max: 9) Prereq: consent
of instructor. Advanced topics in the description, analysis and
evolution of animal form.
ZOO 6117-Vertebrate Paleoecology (3) Prereq: basic knowl-
edge of ecology and paleontology. Paleoecological analysis of
fossil vertebrate assemblages. Interpretation of fossil data as a basis
for paleocommunity and paleoenvironmental studies.
ZOO 6207C-Advanced Invertebrate Zoology (4) Prereq:ZOO
3203C. Morphology, physiology, development, and life cycles of
selected invertebrate groups, with emphasis on the minor phyla.
ZOO 6416C-Biology of the Amphibia (4) Prereq:ZO0 3303C.
Evolution, morphology, physiology, and behavior of amphibians.
ZOO 6456C-Ichthyology (4) Prereq: ZOO 3303C.
ZOO 6466C-Biology of the Reptilia (4) Prereq: ZOO 3303C.
Systematics, life cycles, and behavior of reptiles.
ZOO 6477-Birds of World (Lower Orders) (2) Survey of orders
and families of non-passerine birds.
ZOO 6478-Birds of World (Passeriformes) (2) Survey of orders
and families of passerine birds.
ZOO 6506C-Ethology (4) Prereq:ZOO 3513C, graduate stand-
ing or consentof instructor. History, concepts, and methods of the
comparative study of animal behavior. The evolution, mecha-
nisms, and classification of behavior.
ZOO 6816-Zoogeography (2)
ZOO 6857C-Advanced Tropical Zoology (8) Vertebrate or
invertebrate group selected as basis for studies of ecological
systems in the tropics. Effects of elevation and temperatures on
populations, successions, microhabitat, distribution, predation,
evolution, and other aspects. Offered in Costa Rica as part of the
program of the Organization for Tropical Studies.
ZOO 6905-Individual Studies (1-8; max: 12)
ZOO 6910-Supervised Research (1-5; max: 5) S/U.
ZOO 6927-Special Topics in Zoology (1-4; max: 15)
ZOO 6939-Seminar in Animal Behavior (1-3; max: 9) Prereq:
PCB 5415C or consent of instructor. Special behavioral topics.