128 / FIELDS OF INSTRUCTION calization of gender in languages of the world including non-Indo- European languages, and of the interactions of these grammatical structure with gender stereotypes. Consequences for linguistic science of grammatical structures. LIN 6018-Leading Ideas in Linguistic Theory (3) Prereq: LIN 3010. Leading ideas, reasoning, and structures. LIN 6084-Introduction to Graduate Research (3) Scholarly and scientific approaches to study of linguistics. Scientific method, theory development, data processing, scholarly writing, and structure of research proposals. LIN 6128-Historical Linguistics (3) Prereq: LIN 6323, 6501. Principles and methods of historical and comparative linguistics, development of competing models for language change and linguistic relatedness. Examples and problems from a broad spectrum of the world's languages. LIN 6129-Issues in Historical Linguistics (3) Prereq: LIN 6341, 6520, 6128. Advanced diachronic linguistics. The mutual inter- dependence of diachronic and synchronic analyses of language. LIN 6205-Phonetics for Linguists (3) Understanding of issues in experimental phonetics and appreciation of research techniques in acoustical, physiological, and perceptual study in speech. LIN 6323-Phonology (3) Prereq: LIN 3200. Phonemics, syllabic and prosodic phenomena, neutralization, distinctive features, morphophonemic alternation, phonological systems and proc- esses. Terminology and notational conventions of generative phonology. Problems from a variety of languages. LIN 6341-Issues in Phonology (3) Prereq: LIN 6323. Technical articles from a variety of twentieth-century schools, including American and European structuralism, generative and stratifica- tional phonology, natural and metrical-syllabic phonology. LIN 6402-Morphology (3) Prereq: LIN 3460; coreq: LIN 6018. Theory of word structure, derivation and inflection. The position of morphology in a grammar, the relationship between morphol- ogy and the rest of the grammar, typology, cultural and conceptual categories, predictions of various theories of morphology. Ex- amples and problems from a wide variety of the world's lan- guages. LIN 6410-Issues in Morpology (3) Prereq: LIN 6402. Technical articles from variety of twentieth-century schools. Prominent inquiries include place of morphology in grammar, its relationship with other components, and whether a unified theory of morphol- ogy can be constructed. LIN 6501-Syntax (3) Prereq: LIN 3460. Structures of sentences, clauses, and phrases (heads, complements, specifiers, and modi- fiers); grammatical relations; sememic roles; case, concord, and government; anaphora; universals; typology. Issues include au- tonomy, modularity, X-bar theory, the nature of syntactic rules, underlying and surface structures. Problem-solving. Exercises from a wide variety of languages. LIN 6520-Issues in Syntax (3) Prereq: LIN 6501. Technical articles bysyntacticiansfrom a variety of twentieth-century schools, including generative semantics, relational grammar, lexical-func- tional grammar, various process and discourse models, EST, and X-bar theory. LIN 6571-Structure of a Specific Language (3) Prereq: introduc- tory linguistics course. Linguistic examination of one of the following Aymara, Cakchiqual, Eskimo, Armenian, Ga, Bulgar- ian, Polish, Turkish, Twi, Quechua. LIN 6905-Individual Study (1-3; max: 12) LIN 6910-Supervised Research (1-5; max: 5) S/U. LIN 6932-Special Topics (3; max: 27) LIN 6940-Supervised Teaching (1-5; max: 5) S/U. LIN 6971-Research for Master's Thesis (1-15) S/U. LIN 7118-History of Linguistics (3) Prereq: LIN 6323, 6501. The history of accounting for language data as evidenced by grammar- writing from Panini to the twentieth century, with primary focus on the development of linguistic thought in Europe and America. LIN 7149-Seminar in Language Change (3; max: 9) Possible topics include problems in diachronic syntax; comparative recon- struction;comparative/historical treatment of a language orfamily (Semitic, Indo-European, Bantu, etc.). LIN 7342-Seminar in Phonology (3; max: 9) Possible topics: the syllable, advanced topics in autosegmental and metrical phonol- ogy, plus selections of the latest work in phonological thinking. LIN 7580-Seminar in Syntax/Semantics (3; max: 9) Possible topics: discourse analysis, pragmatics, cultural and universal concepts, advanced topics in government and binding theory, logic and linguistics, and the lexicon in linguistic theory. LIN 7641-Seminar in Language Variation (3; max: 9) Possible topics include variation theory, conversational interaction, lan- guage contact, bilingualism, pidgins and Creoles. LIN 7709-Seminar in Neurolinguistics (3) Selected problems in linguistic theory and research, with emphasis on experimental analysis. LIN 7979-Advanced Research (1-9) Research for doctoral stu- dents before admission to candidacy. Designed for students with a master's degree in the field of study or for students who have been accepted for a doctoral program. Not open to students who have been admitted to candidacy. S/U. LIN 7980-Research for Doctoral Dissertation (1-15) S/U. Applied Linguistics ENG 6571-American Social Dialects (3) Prereq: introductory linguistics course. Language variations, especially in relation to the ethnic and racial boundaries of American society. LIN 5741-English Structure for TESL (3) English phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics, including historical analysis of irregularities in English and descriptions of dialect features. LIN 6339-Seminar: Applied Phonology (3) Prereq: SPA 5202. Study of the application of phonological theory in speech-lan- guage pathology, audiology, and speech science. LIN 6601-Sociolinguistics (3) Prereq: LIN 6323, 6501. Major approaches to language in context: ethnographic, sociological, linguistic. Applications of sociolinguistics to applied linguistics, social sciences, and education. Collection and analysis of data. LIN 6622-Bilingualism (3) Psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic aspects of bilingualism, with implications for education. LIN 6642-Psychological Linguistics (3) The scientific study of language as expressive behavior. Detailed examination of experi- mental research on the linguistic and paralinguistic correlates of personality. LIN 6713-Child Grammar (3) Form and function of emerging grammars in relation to cognitive/linguistic processing strategies of the child. Collection, grammatical analysis, and interpretation of child language data. LIN 6720-Second LanguageAcquisition (3)The neurolinguistic, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic bases of second language acquisition in childhood and adulthood. LIN 6748--Contrastiveand ErrorAnalysis (3) English phonology, syntax, semantics, and orthography compared to those of other languages, with implications for second language acquisition. TSL 6371-Materials and Techniques for TESL I (3) Theories of TESL teaching methods and materials. Instruction in classroom materials. Observation of ESL classroom procedures. TSL 6372-Materials and Techniques for TESL II (3) Prereq: TSL 6371. Continuation of TSL 6371. Instruction in designing courses and programs in ESL. Each student will be required to develop a sample ESL course. Service Courses for International Students ENS 4449-Scholarly Writing (3) No credit toward any graduate degree. Review and intensive practice of principles of composi- tion for academic purposes with emphasis on the needs of each student's discipline. S/U. ENS 4450-Research Writing (3) No credit toward any graduate degree. Class work and tutorials designed to help international students through writing practice to produce acceptable research papers, comprehensive examinations, and dissertations. S/U. ENS 5501-Academic Spoken English I (4) Required for interna- tional graduate students who expect to become teaching assis- tants. No credit toward anygraduate degree. Intensive training in English, particularly English used in formal speaking and peda- gogy. S/U. ENS 5502-Academic Spoken English II (3-4) Prereq: ENS 5501 or 220 on SPEAK. Required for international graduate students who score between 220 and 250 on the SPEAK test and are teaching or will be teaching. No credit toward any graduate