FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION / 111 ity, validity, norms, scaling, item analysis, and basic elements of instrument construction. EDF 6475-Qualitative Foundations of Educational Research (4) Introduction to philosophical, historical, sociological, and other methodologies as aspects of qualitative educational research. EDF 6481-Quantitative Research Methods in Education (4) Prereq:STA 3013, 3023 or equivalent. Design and data analysis for educational research. EDF 6487-Assessment of Classroom Behavior (3) Instruction in at least four systems for measuring teacher-pupil behavior, repre- senting the social-emotional and cognitive domains. Observation practiced in classrooms as well as with audio and videotape and film. EDF 6520-History of Education (3) Salient issues in education from the Reformation to the present. EDF 6525-Ancient and Medieval Education (3) Pedagogical practice and thought in China, India, Semitic nations, Greece, Rome, Islam, and Medieval and Renaissance Europe. EDF 6544-Philosophical Foundations of Education (3) Philo- sophical bases for democracy and education. EDF 6606-Socioeconomic Foundations of Education (3) Socio- logical analysis of democratic educational aims, the school as a social system, interest groups, the teaching profession, and eco- nomic stratification in America. EDF 6608-School and Society (3) Sociocultural framework for understanding the relationship between a society and its educa- tional system. EDF 6630-Educational Sociology (3) Sociological theory and research with direct relevance to the study of education. EDF 6812-Comparative Education (3) Relationships of school and society in different cultural areas of the world. EDF 6820-Education in Latin America (3) Traditions and con- temporary social, political, and cultural aspects. EDF 6905-Individual Study (1-3; max: 12) Prereq: consent of department chairman. For advanced students who wish to study individual problems in psychological, social, or philosophical foundations of education, or research and measurement under faculty guidance. EDF 6910-Supervised Research (1-5; max: 5) Prereq: consentof department chairman. S/U. EDF 6933-Seminar on Research on Effective Teaching (3) Prereq: EDF 6403. Analysis of quantitative and qualitative re- search on teaching; emphasis on implications for educational policy and practice. EDF 6938-Special Topics (1-3; max: 12) Prereq: consent of department chairman. EDF 6940-Supervised Teaching (1-5; max: 5) Prereq: consentof department chairman. S/U. EDF 6941-Practicum in Educational Research (2-9; max: 9) Prereq: EDF 6403. Arrangements must be made with instructor prior to registration. Experience in conducting various phases of quantitative or qualitative educational research under individual supervision. EDF 6943-Practicum in Educational Psychology (3; max: 9) Prereq: consent of instructor. Supervised experience in a practical work situation dealing with problems and issues appropriate to psychological foundations and their resolution. EDF 6971-Research for Master's Thesis (1-15) S/U. EDF 7117-Affective Development and Education (3) Prereq: EDF 6113 or equivalent. Application of theory and research. EDF 7146-Educational Psychology: Cognition in the Educative Process (3) Prereq: EDF 6113. Cognitive development as applied to curriculum development and teaching procedures. EDF 7186-Educational Psychology: Advanced Seminar in Aging (3) Prereq: EDF 6185 or consent of instructor. Research literature on aging process; implications for education planning; critical examination of existing programs. EDF 7229-Advanced Educational Psychology: Learning (3; max:9) Prereq: EDF6215. Educational implications of contempo- rary approaches to learning. Relationship between topics in learning and their implications for instructional practices. EDF 7405-Advanced Quantitative Foundations of Educational Research (4; max: 8) Prereq: EDF 6403. Integrated coverage of important approaches to educational research. Includes applica- tion of experimental design, regression analysis, and computer processing to selected educational research problems. EDF 7432-Advanced Psychometric Theory (3; max: 6) Prereq: EDF 6436 or equivalent. Study of theoretical problems related to test construction. Current developments in reliability and validity estimation; alternate true-score models; item analysis and scoring techniques, scaling, assessing latent traits, and methods for psy- chometric research. EDF 7439-Item Response Theory (3) Prereq: EDF 6436. Psy- chometric models for test scores; estimation of ability and item parameters; applications of and current issues in IRT. EDF 7486-Methods of Educational Research (3) Prereq: STA 3013 or 3023. Primarily for Ed.D. candidates. Examination of research methodologies. Problem identification as well as organi- zation and presentation of data. EDF 7491-Evaluation of Educational Products and Systems (3) Prereq: EDF 6403 or equivalent. Models and methods for forma- tive and summative evaluation of educational products and programs. EDF 7555-Values and Ethics in Education (3) The conception and role of values in education, with special emphasis on moral values (ethics). EDF 7573-Contemporary Education Theories (3) Seminar for post-master's students. Contemporary philosophical theories of education. EDF 7584-Educational Classics (3; max: 6) Historical and philosophical examination of enduring writings on education from ancient to modern times. EDF 7639-Research in Educational Sociology (3) Research techniques in educational sociology, emphasis on ethnography. EDF 7931-Seminar in Educational Research (3; max: 6) Prereq: EDF 6403. In-depth examination of specific methodological approaches to educational research. EDF 7932-Multivariate Analysis in Educational Research (3) Prereq: EDF 6403. Review of selected studies with focus on methods of data analysis. Emphasis on use of multivariate tech- niques. EDF 7934-Seminar in Educational Foundations (3; max: 12) Advanced study in historical, philosophical, social, psychologi- cal, aesthetic, and comparative foundations; and educational research and methodology. EDF 7979-Advanced Research (1-9) Research for doctoral students before admission to candidacy. Designed for students with a master's degree in the field of study or for students who have been accepted for a doctoral program. Not open to students who have been admitted to candidacy. S/U. EDF 7980-Research for Doctoral Dissertation (1-15) S/U. SPS 6052-Issues and Problems in School Psychology (3) Coreq: SPS 6941. History and foundations of school psychology; legal, ethical. Overview of role and functions of school psychologist. SPS 6191-Psychoeducational Assessment I (3) Coreq: SPS 6941. Techniques for assessing intelligence, adaptive behavior, and achievement of children and school-aged adolescents. Em- phasis on standardized instruments. SPS 6192-Psychoeducational Assessment II (3) Prereq: SPS 6191; coreq: SPS 6941. Techniques for assessing social and emotional functioning of the school-aged child; supervised expe- rience in assessment and report writing. SPS 6197-Psychoeducational Assessment III (3) Prereq: SPS 6191; coreq: SPS 6941. Synthesis of sources and techniques of psychoeducational assessment for school-related application and problems. SPS 6941-Practicum in School Psychology (1-4; max: 8) Prereq: consent of instructor. S/U. SPS 7205-School Psychology Consultation (3) Coreq: SPS 6941. Concepts, processes, and issues related to the practice of school-based consultation as an intervention technique of school psychologists. SPS 7809-Advanced Topics in School Psychology (3; max: 6) Prereq: consent of instructor. In-depth analysis of selected developments in school psychology. SPS 7931-Seminar in School Psychology (1-3; max: 3) Prereq: consent of instructor. Issues pertinent to the professional practice of school psychology. SPS 7949-Internship in School Psychology (6; max: 18) Prereq: consent of instructor.