74 / FIELDS OF INSTRUCTION For admission to graduate standing a student should presentcredits equivalentto those required for undergradu- ate majors in the Department, namely 24 credits in botany, a course in genetics with laboratory, mathematics through differential calculus, one year of college physics, and chemistry through organic. Those admitted without full equivalents of an undergraduate major will be required to make up the deficiencies by passing appropriate courses early in their graduate programs. A reading knowledge of a foreign languageand creditforbasic courses in zoology and microbiology are desirable. The program of graduate study for each student will be determined by a supervisory committee. No more than nine credits of BOT 6905 may be used to satisfy the credit requirements for a master's degree. Each new student will be required to enroll in Advances in Botany taught by the faculty during the fall semester of the first year. There are, in addition to the facilities of the Department for graduate work, the following special resources that may be utilized in support of graduate student training and research: (1) the Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations, (2) the Marine Sciences Center on the Gulf of Mexico for studies in estuarine and marine habitats, (3) the resources of the Welaka Conservation Reserve, (4) the Center for Tropi- cal Agriculture, which can support studies in tropical and subtropical areas, (5) the Center for Latin American Studies, (6) the Center for Aquatic Plants, (7) the Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, (8) the Fairchild Tropi- cal Garden for research in the systematics, morphology and anatomy, and economic botany of tropical plants, and (9) the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota. BOT 51 15-Paleobotany (3) Prereq: upper-level course in botany or geology or permission of instructor. Comparative study of plants through geologic time with attention to morphology and evolution of major groups of land plants based on fossil record. Offered spring semester in odd-numbered years. BOT5225C-Plant Anatomy (4) Prereq:BOT2011Cor3303Cor consent of instructor. Origin, structure, and function of principal cells, tissues, and vegetative and reproductive organs of seed plants. Offered fall semester. BOT 5405C-Algology (4) Prereq: BOT 2011C or 3303C or consent of instructor. Algae, especially their structure, reproduc- tion, growth, classification, and evolution. Emphasis on Florida marine and fresh water species. Offered fall semester in odd- numbered years. BOT 5485C-Mosses and Liverworts (3) Prereq: BOT2011C or 3303C. Morphology of the major groups of bryophytes, with emphasis on collection, identification, and ecology of these plants in Florida. Offered fall semester in odd-numbered years. BOT 5505C-Intermediate Plant Physiology (3) Prereq: BOT 3503, 3503L, and CHM 3200, 3200L, orequivalent. Fundamental physical and chemical processes underlying the water relations, nutrition, metabolism, growth, and reproduction of higher plants. Offered fall semester. BOT 5625-Plant Geography (2) Prereq: BOT 3153 or 5725C. Geography of the floras and types of vegetation throughout the world, with emphasis on problems in the distribution of taxa, and the main factors influencing types of vegetation. Offered fall semester in even-numbered years. BOT 5646C-Ecology and Physiology of Aquatic Plants (3) Prereq: PCB 3043. Ecological and physiological principles in freshwater habitats and plant communities with laboratory and field studies. Offered spring semester in odd-numbered years. BOT 5685-Tropical Botany (7) Prereq: elementary biology/ botany; beginning course in plant systematics; anatomy and morphology; consent of instructor. Study of tropical plants utiliz- ing the diverse habitats of South Florida with emphasis on uses, anatomy and morphology, physiology and ecology, and sys- tematics of these plants. Field trips and the Fairchild Tropical Garden supplement laboratory experiences. Offered summer semester. BOT 5695-Ecosystems of Florida (3) Prereq: PCB 3043 or equivalent and consent of instructor. Major ecosystems of Florida in relation to environmental factors and man's relationship to them. Emphasis of Saturday field trips is on field techniques and research approaches. Offered spring semester in even-numbered years. BOT 5725C-Taxonomy of Vascular Plants (4) Prereq: BOT 2011C and 3303C or equivalent. Introduction to systematic principles and techniques used in classification; field and herbar- ium methods. Survey of vascular plants, their classification, morphology, and evolutionary relationships. Offered spring se- mester in even-numbered years. BOT 6256C-Plant Cytology (3) Prereq: MCB 4403 or equiva- lent. Fundamental structures of plant cells, their functions, repro- duction, and relation to inheritance; recent research and tech- niques. Offered fall semester in even-numbered years. BOT 6496C-Fungal Physiology (3) Comparative physiology of growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction of selected fungi. Offered on demand. BOT 6516-Plant Metabolism (3) Prereq: BOT 5505C, BCH 4024. Metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and nitrogen com- pounds in higher plants; cell structures as related to metabolism; metabolic control mechanisms. Offered spring semester in even- numbered years. BOT 6526-Plant Nutrition (2) Prereq: BOT5505C. Plant nutri- tion including essentiality of elements, absorption of ions, utiliza- tion of minerals in plants, and water metabolism. Offered spring semester in odd-numbered years. BOT 6566-Plant Growth and Development (3) Prereq: BOT 5505C. Fundamental concepts of plant growth and development with emphasis on the molecular biological approach. Offered spring semester. BOT 6576-Photophysiology of Plant Growth (3) Prereq: BOT 5505C. Effects of light on the physiology and biochemistry of plants. Photosynthesis and photorespiration emphasized. Proper- ties of light sources, photochemistry, phytochrome action, photo- morphogenesis, photoperiodism, and phototropism examined. Offered spring semester. BOT 6716C-Advanced Taxonomy (2) Prereq: BOT 5725C or equivalent. Surveyof vascular plantfamiliesof limited distribution and/or of phylogenetic significance not covered in BOT 5725C with discussions of their classification, morphology, and evolu- tionary relationships. Published studies reviewed to demonstrate principles and methods involved in classification. Offered on demand. BOT 6905-Individual Studies in Botany (1-9; max: 9) Prereq: all credits in excess of 3 must be approved by department chairman or graduate coordinator. Individual nonthesis, research problem in one of the following areas of botany: ecology, physiology and biochemistry, cryptogamic botany, morphology and anatomy of vascular plants, systematics, cytology, genetics, and ultrastruc- ture. Topics selected to meet the interests and needs of students. BOT 6910-Supervised Research (1-5; max: 5) S/U. BOT 6927-Advances in Botany (1-3; max: 9) Supervised study in specific areas. BOT 6936-Graduate Student Seminar (1; max: 9) Readings and oral presentation on general topics in botany. S/U. BOT 6940-Supervised Teaching (1-5; max: 5) S/U. BOT 6943-Internship in College Teaching (2, 4, 6; max: 6) Required for Master of Science in Teaching candidates but available for students needing additional practice and direction in college-level teaching. BOT 6951--Tropical Biology: An Ecological Approach (8) Inten- sive field study of ecological concepts in tropical environments. Eight weeks in different principal kinds of tropical environments. Offered summer term in Costa Rica as part of the program of the Organization for Tropical Studies. BOT 6971-Research for Master's Thesis (1-15) S/U. BOT 7979-Advanced Research (1-9) Research for doctoral students before admission to candidacy. Designed for students with master's degree in the field of study or for students who have been accepted for a doctoral program. Not open to students who have been admitted to candidacy. S/U. BOT 7980-Research for Doctoral Dissertation (1-15) S/U. HOS 6116C-Developmental Morphology of Flowering Plants (3) Prereq: BOT 3303C. Developmental morphology of the