ZOOLOGY / 157 mechanisms of pathogenesis and molecular approaches toward diagnosis and control of either parasitic or viral and bacterial diseases. Focus alternatives by semester. VME 6565-Histological Techniques for Light Microscopy (2) Prereq: permission of instructor. VME 6602-Veterinary Toxicology I (3) Prereq: VME 5242Cand suitable background in biochemistry, physiology, and pharma- cology. Effects of toxic natural products and chemicals on animals. VME 6603-Veterinary Toxicology II (3) Prereq: VME 6602. VME 6604-Literature Survey in Toxicology (1) Critical presen- tation and evaluation of current literature in selected topics in toxicology. VME 6765-Veterinary Research Techniques (3) Principles of biophysical sciences, and their application to veterinary medical science. VME 6905-Problems in Veterinary Science (1-4; max: 8) H. VME 6910-Supervised Research (1-5; max: 5) S/U. VME 6931-Seminar in Veterinary Science (1; max: 4). VME 6940-Supervised Teaching (1-5; max: 5) S/U. VME 6971-Research for Master's Thesis (1-15) S/U. WIS 5323C-Impact of Diseases on Wildlife Population (3) Prereq: WIS 3401 or equivalent. Diseases of wildlife, with emphasis on their impact on avian and mammalian populations of North America. BMS 6203-Molecular Biology and Function of Cell Membranes (2) Prereq: BCH 4203, 4313, and MCB 3020 or equivalent, and consent of instructor. Composition, molecular organization, and function of biological membranes in both eucaryotes and pro- caryotes, BMS 6645-Pathobiology of Cellular Membranes (2) Prereq: BMS 6203. Discussion on structural and functional changes of membranes involved in disease states. ZOOLOGY College of Liberal Arts and Sciences GRADUATE FACULTY 1989-90 Chairman: F. G. Nordlie. Graduate Coordinator: J. H. Kaufmann. Katharine Ordway Professor of Ecosystem Conservation: J. F. Eisenberg. Distinguished Service Pro- fessor:W. Auffenberg. Professors: B. W. Ache; L. Berner; H.J. Brockmann; P. Brodkorb; L. Brower; W. E. S. Carr; M. L. Crump; T. C. Emmel; D. H. Evans; P. Feinsinger; C. R. Gilbert; J. W. Hardy; S. R. Humphrey; F. C. Johnson, II; J. H. Kaufmann; F. W. King;C. Lanciani; P. 0O. Lawrence; H. B. Lillywhite; B. J. MacFadden; F. J. Maturo, Jr; B. K. McNab; F. G. Nordlie; H. 0. Schwassmann; F. G. Th- ompson; S. D. Webb; M. J. Westfall, Jr.; C. A. Woods. Associate Professors: J. F. Andersoh; J. T. Giesel; L. J. Guillette,Jr.; R. Kiltie;J. Reiskind; H. M. Wallbrunn; R. G. Wolff. Assistant Professors: K. A. Bjorndal; D. J. Levey; M. M. Miyamoto. The Department of Zoology offers the degrees of Master of Science in Teaching, Master of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy with specialization in animal behavior, ecol- ogy, genetics, paleontology, physiology, and systematic" biology. Specific areas of specialization include evolu- tionary biology, marine biology, population biology, and tropical biology. New graduate students should have completed under- graduate courses in ecology, embryology, comparative anatomy, invertebrate and vertebrate zoology, genetics, physiology, one year of physics, chemistry through or- ganic, and a sequence in mathematics or statistics. These courses constitute a core curriculum for all candidates for a graduate degree. EXP 6108-Survey of Sensory Systems (3) Prereq: PCB 4745C or BMS 6510 or GMS 7760. A group of specialists provide a survey of theories and experimental data on human and subhuman sensory reception and encoding. Auditory, visual, and the chemi- cal and cutaneous senses are included. EXP 6109-Seminar in Sensory Processes (1; max: 9) Topics of current interest in various areas of sensory specialties. GLY 6615-Advanced Invertebrate Paleontology (3) Prereq: GL Y 461 OC. Local field problems in paleoecology or biostratigraphy. GLY 6660-Paleoecology (3) Prereq: GL Y46 10CorZOO 3203C. Paleoautecology, paleosynecology, historical biogeography of marine invertebrates, and ecological rules as applied to fossil invertebrates. PCB 5307C-Limnology (4) Prereq: PCB 4044C, CHM 2046. Biological, chemical, and physical dynamics of inland waters. PCB 5317C-Marine Ecology (4) Prereq: ZOO 3203C; CHM 2046 or equivalent. Marine communities, analytical techniques and the physical, chemical, and biological factors that influence them. PCB 5415C-Behavioral Ecology (4) Prereq:ZOO 3303Cor PCB 4044C or consent of instructor. Behavioral adaptations of ani- mals to their natural environment. PCB 5726-Reptilian Functional Morphology (3) Prereq: verte- brate anatomy and animal physiology, or consent of instructor. Discussion of morphology and physiology of reptiles, including survey of current approaches and concepts of functional adapta- tion. PCB 6049-Seminar in Ecology (2; max: 9) Prereq: permission of instructor. PCB 6355-Amazon Ecology (3) Prereq: basic knowledge of geography and ecology. Background material and selected re- search concerning dynamics of neotropical rain forest. Emphasis on animals and plants and their environmental adaptations. PCB 6357C-Tropical Biology: An Ecological Approach (8) Field study of ecological concepts in tropical environments. Offered in Costa Rica as part of the program of the Organization for Tropical Studies. PCB 6377C-Physiological Ecology of Vertebrates (4) Prereq: course in physiology. Physiological mechanisms that influence distribution and ecological relations, water conservation, and energy exchange in vertebrates. PCB 6379-Seminar in Physiological Ecology (1-3; max: 9) Prereq: PCB 4745C, or PCB 6377C or equivalent. Topics of current interest in the physiological ecology or environmental and comparative physiology of animals. PCB 6447C-Community Ecology (4) Prereq: PCB 4044C or equivalent and permission of the instructor. The evolutionary ecology of communities; conceptual and quantitative approaches to community structure. Field laboratories in representative communities of the region. PCB 6448C-Pollination Ecology (4) Prereq: consent of instruc- tor. Interactions between plants and animal pollinators from an ecological and evolutionary perspective, at individual, popula- tion, and community levels. PCB 6496C-Stream Ecology (4) Prereq: ENY3005C, PCB 4044C, or 3043C, CHM 2046, PHY 3054. Physical, chemical, and biological interrelationships in flowing fresh water. PCB 6605C-Principles of Systematic Biology (4) Theory of biological classification and taxonomic practice. Laboratory experience in taxonomic procedures and techniques, including computer methods. PCB 6686C-Experimental Population Ecology (3) Consideration of empirical tests of hypotheses concerning population dynam- ics, competition, and predation. PCB 6796C-Comparative Sensory Physiology (4) Prereq: PCB 4745C or equivalent and consent of instructor. Classical con- cepts and modern research concerning the neurophysiological basis of invertebrate and vertebrate behavior. PCB 6815-Hormone Regulation of Invertebrate Behavior (3) Survey and analysis of invertebrate behaviors regulated by hormones. Invertebrates considered include arthropods, coelen- terates, helminths, and molluscs. PGY 5609-Biophotography (3) Laboratory, field, and darkroom techniques in 35mm still photography for biological research publications, posters, and slide presentations. ZOO 5115C-Vertebrate Paleontology (3) Prereq: ZOO 3703C. Evolutionary history of major vertebrate groups, with special emphasis on principles of prehistoric investigations. ZOO 5265C-Crustacean Biology (4) Prereq: ZOO 3203C or permission of instructor. Biology of Crustacea including sys- tematics, physiology and adaptations to'the environment, behav- ior, life history strategies and community ecology. ZOO 5276C-Malacology (3) A discussion of the systematics, origin, distribution, and ecology of the Mollusca. The laboratory will emphasize the Southeastern fauna. Lecture will consider the world fauna.