134 / FIELDS OF INSTRUCTION the head and neck, and speech dysfunction due to anatomic malformations. Students are taught research methods in a supervised program of laboratory rotations (GMS 6905) and in the selected laboratory (GMS 6910). Independent advanced research is conducted prior to admission to candidacy (GMS 7979) and for the doctoral dissertation (GMS 7980). Prerequisites for admission in addition to those of the Graduate School, include a broad base of courses in mathematics, physics, organic and analytic chemistry, advanced biology, and statistical methods. Specific re- quirements may be obtained from the graduate coordina- tor., GMS 6170-Immunology and Immunopathology of the Oral Cavity (2) Specific and nonspecific immune factors in saliva, with special emphasis on secretary IgA. Immunology and im- munopathology of oral soft tissues. GMS 6171-Experimental Techniques in Oral Histology and Ultrastructure (2-4; max: 4) Prereq: BMS 511 C. Aspects of light and electron microscopy that pertain to basic and clinical dental research. GMS 6172-Molecular Biology and Pathology of the Periodon- tium (2) Prereq: BCH 6202; coreq: BMS 6310, 6314. Ultrastruc- ture and biochemical composition of periodontal tissues, the microbial interrelations with the organic and inorganic compo- nents of periodontal tissues, the biochemical dynamics of gingi- val inflammation, and wound healing and the metabolic proc- esses responsible for the composition and flow of the gingival crevictilar fluid. GMS 6173-Stomatognathic System: Form and Function (2) Prereq: BMS 5100C; coreq: BMS 6510. Anatomy and function of head and neck muscles, temporomandibular joints, and salivary glands. Normal and abnormal mastication, deglutition, speech, and oral sensorimotor measures. GMS 6174-Oral Microbial Systems (2) Prereq: BCH 6202; coreq: BMS 6310, 6314. Major bacterial pathogens of the oral cavity: their morphology, physiology, genetics, and ecologic associations. Roles of key organisms in oral diseases (e.g., caries and periodontitis) stressed. GMS 6175-Introduction to Oral Biology (2) Survey of anatomy and function of the head and neck, oral histology and ultrastruc- ture, pathology of the periodontium, and oral immunology and microbiology. Recommended for beginning students, GMS 6176-Biology of Tooth Supporting Structures 1 (1) Coreq: BCH 6065 or consent of instructor. Organization, vasculature, and innervation of the periodontium; chemistry; biosynthesis, biophysics, and degradation of collagen; studies of other associ- ated, unique proteins. GMS 6177-Biology of Tooth Supporting Structures II (1) Prereq: GMS 7176; coreq: BCH 6206 or consent of instructor. Develop- ment and function of the periodontal ligament; organization, development, biophysics, and biochemistry of bone; calcifica- tion mechanisms and bone remodeling; effects of hormones and nutrients on bone. GMS 6178-Glycoproteins: Structure, Function, and Biosynthe- sis (3) Prereq: BCH 6065. Current findings on the structures of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides, biosynthetic enzymes, intra- cellular trafficking, and biological functions. GMS 7179-journal Colloquy (1; max: 8) Required of graduate students in oral biology; open to others by permission of the department. Critical presentation and discussion of recent origi- nal articles in the oral biology literature. PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE College of Medicine GRADUATE FACULTY 1989-90 Chairman: N. Maclaren. Associate Chairman: R. L. Hackett. Graduate Coordinator: E. K, Wakeland. Gradu- ate Research Professor: H. M. Johnson. Professors: R. C. Braylan; C. A. Crandall; W. H. Donnelly; W. F. Enneking; A. F. Esser; R. R. Grams; R. L. Hackett; C. 1. Hood; P. A. Klein; N. K. Maclaren; C. Moscovici; S. J. Normann; J. C. Scornik; R. T. Smith; E. J. Wilkinson; J. C. Woodard. Associate Professors: C. D. Buergelt; B. P. Croker; L. M. Hutt-Fletcher; A. B. Peck; K. H. Rand; W. J. Riley; R. P. Shields; E. K. Wakeland. Assistant Professors:J. R. Dank- ert; M. M. Goodenow; K. J. Kao; S. R. Khan; M. G. Moscovici; L. J. Smith; W. E. Winter. The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medi- cine, College of Medicine, in association with the Depart- ment of Comparative and Experimental Pathology, Col- lege of Veterinary Medicine, offers a program leading to the Doctor of Philosophy degree in medical sciences, specializing in immunology and molecular pathology. Areas of research within this program include cellular and molecular immunology, immunogenetics, immunochem- istry, immunopathology, immunology of infectious dis- eases, tumor biology and virology, membrane biochem- istry, molecular biology, and comparative and nutritional pathology. The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine also offers a program leading to the Master of Science degree in medical sciences, specializing in clinical chem- istry, clinical immunology, or clinical virology. The specialization in experimental pathology and immunology emphasizes basic research while concentra- tions in clinical chemistry, clinical immunology, and clinical virology emphasize laboratory training for man- agement and supervision of clinical laboratories. Careers in pathology offer a diversity of opportunities: service in diagnostic laboratories, basic research in immunology, pathology or genetic engineering, and teaching. Graduate students entering the experimental pathology and immunology specialization should have adequate undergraduate training in chemistry, biology, physics, and mathematics, with special emphasis on physiologi- cal, developmental, and cellular biology. Flexibility in the graduate program permits the student's course curriculum to be arranged according to his/her specific interests and needs. Each student is required to have a minimum of six credits each of pathology, immunology, cell science, and biochemistry/microbial genetics prior to taking the Ph.D. qualifying examination. Experimental Pathology and Immunology BMS 5603-Genetic, Molecular, and Cellular Bases of Disease (3) Analysis of concepts underlying the pathologic development and consequences of diseasewith discussions of current research literature. Cell response to injury, genetic predisposition to disease, autoaggression, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency dis- eases, and altered cell growth and cancer. BMS 6203-Molecular Biology and Function of Cell Membranes (2) Prereq: BCH 4203, 4313, and MCB 3020 or equivalents and consent of instructor. Composition, molecular organization, and assembly of biological membranes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Alternates with BCH 7515, spring semester. BMS 6314-Principles of Immunology (3-5; max: 5) Biological and biochemical aspects' of hosts resistance and immunity; the chemical and physiochemical propertiesof the proteins of immune reactions. BMS 6601-Special Subjects in Systemic Pathology (1-3; max: 3) Prereq: consent of instructor. Pathological processes affecting specific organs and organ systems. BMS 6603 Mechanisms of Disease (3) Pathologic aspects of immunological phenomena, spontaneous disease, and host mechanisms in response to injury or microbial and viral diseases. BMS 6607C-Pathobiology of Bone and Joint Disease (3) Prereq: consent of instructor. Disease mechanism and structural func- tional alterations of the skeletal system. BMS 6620-Seminar in Pathology (1) Required of graduate students in pathology; open to others by permission of the department. Current research literature and research reports by graduate students, pathology staff, and invited speakers. S/U. BMS 6621-Special Topics in Pathology (1-4; max: 12) Prereq: permission of department. Conferences and supervised labora- tory work. Topics selected to meet each student's needs. BMS 6622-Special Topics in Immunology (3; max: 6) Prereq: