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utility because they are constrained to a given set of instrument whose dimensions are critical to the implementing agencies of the ministry.
Another validation criterion can be suggested' which ha s more intuitive than analytical appeal. The criterion advanced in (11) is simply the answer to the question, does the analytical tool help make "better" decisions than the previous mix of methods used? "Better" decisions in the sense that because of the use of the tool, the consequences-of the policy formulation-implementation activity produces results that are in closer agreement with the targets or objectives for which the policy was designed than would have otherwise been the case.