and small groups. The Tach-X (E.D.L.) affords individual word recog-
nition training and the Skimmer (E.D.L.) is an effective instrument
for increasing reading speed. The S.R.A. Reading Accelerator (Science
Research Associates) and the Rateometer (Audio-Visual Research) are
helpful instruments for individual use in improving reading speed.
These machines and others on the market are helpful, especially so
for student motivation. They should be purchased only after you are
well supplied with materials for instruction and independent reading.

 You will probably want to simplify some materials for students
at this level. The general ideas set forth in the Chapter on the
introductory level will not hold here. However, at this level ten
point type is appropriate. Either the Dale-Chall Readability Formula
(A Formula for Predicting Readability, Bureau of Educational Research,
Ohio State University) or the Flesch Formula (Art of Readable Writing,
Harper and Brothers) should be helpful in achieving the desired degree
of simplicity. These formulas may also be used to estimate the read-
ability levels of library books and instructional materials.



 SOME TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING VOCABULARY


 Many of the techniques suggested for the introductory and ele-
mentary stages can be used with some modification at this stage. The
vocabulary notebook will prove most helpful and it is hoped that more
and more stress will be placed upon vocabulary specific to the
students'vocational and avocational interests.

 1. Have the students look up new words they encounter
 in their texts. Have them write the meanings on
 the page margins.

 2. Give the students a brief list of Latin and Greek
 roots. Ask them to collect words with those roots
 in them, and attempt to use them.

 3. Ask the students to collect foreign words and phrases
 that they come across and use these for some class
 discussions.

 4. Relate metaphors and ask the students to interpret
 them.

 5, Ask the students to bring in unusual metaphors and
 discuss them.

 6. Encourage the students to identify words that signal
 when a change of the direction of thought is coming,


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