EVALUATION AND TESTING 79

 Matching Type. In this type one and only one item in
 List A describes, illustrates, or otherwise matches each item un-
 der List B. The student writes, in the blank following each
 item in B, the number designating the item under A which
 matches it. List A may have more items than List B.
 Problematic Situation Type. This test describes a situation
 which is followed by a list of statements some of which are
 relevant and others of which are irrelevant. Check those that
 are relevant.
 Objective type tests may have several uses as follows:
 1. Prognostic-to determine the background and achieve-
 ment.
 2. Diagnostic--to discover student difficulties.
 3. Achievement-to show mastery of subject matter.
 4. Intelligence-to indicate mental maturity.
 Objective type tests are well adapted to testing over a large
 range of subject matter and are especially valuable in checking
 for factual information and for accuracy. Another advantage
 is that it is possible for a teacher with a heavy load to do more
 frequent testing because of the ease of checking. By taking less
 time from the class period, the teacher has more time for teach-
 ing. The teacher should use care not to overemphasize factual
 testing.
 Essay tests:
 Essay type tests have considerable value in the short written
quiz given at the beginning of the period to motivate daily
preparation, and in the longer type that calls for a discussion of
topics. These give training in ability to weigh data, to select
pertinent facts, to organize information, and to express ideas
in concise and correct sentences.
 Another essay test is the "open book" type in which students
must select and organize the facts to be used in problem solving.
'When questions are grouped in an order with increasing diffi-
culty, with one or two of sufficient difficulty to challenge the
abilities of the superior students, such a test will have real value
for showing individual differences. The open book method is