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June to July, but little honey is produced; most sour-
wood honey is produced at higher elevations in the
Appalachian mountains of northern Georgia, the
Carolinas and Tennessee.
 Fetterbush, Lyonia lucida (Lam.) K. Koch, is a low
 pinelands shrub found from Broward County in the
 southeastern peninsula northward. It blooms in
 February and April, just prior to gallberry flowering.
 Honey produced from this plant is said to have a
 bitter flavor.
 Gopher apple, Licania michauxii Prance
 [Chrysobalanus oblongifolius Michx.], is a low,
 creeping shrub associated with dry soils throughout
 Florida. It blooms from May to June and yields a
 light colored honey. Gopher apple is not considered
 a reliable source of nectar, contributing mostly to
 colony maintenance.
 Nuttall's thistle, Cirsium nuttallii DC., is a tall
 biennial, occurring in southeast peninsular Florida
 from Broward County north to the Georgia border.
 It blooms from May to June. The plant generally
 does not grow in dense stands and contributes only
 to colony maintenance. The honey is mild in flavor.
 Formerly, the plant was an important nectar source
 near Lake Okeechobee and the resultant honey was
 considered to be of high quality.
 Florida pennyroyal, Piloblephis rigida (Bartr. ex
 Benth.) Raf. [Pycnothymus rigidus (Bartr. ex Benth.)
 Small], is a low growing aromatic plant, occurring in
 moist pineland from Alachua County in north central
 peninsular Florida southwards. It blooms from
 November to April. In the past this was a good nec-
 tar producer, but it no longer is considered reliable.
 Buckwheat tree, Cliftonia monophylla (Lam.) Britt.
 ax. Sarg., or black titi, often called spring titi, is
prolific in the western Florida panhandle, east to


Jefferson County. It blooms from February to April
and often contributes to a surplus honey crop. Begin-
ning beekeepers should not confuse its common name
with the summer titi, Cyrilla racemiflora L., an unde-
sirable plant (described elsewhere in this publication)
which causes "purple brood."
 Buttonbush, Celphalanthus occidentalis L., is a
small tree, found in wet places throughout the state.
It blooms from March to July and produces nectar in
central and south peninsular Florida, but not in quan-
tities necessary for commercial honey production.
 Coral vine, Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Am., is
an ornamental vine, native to tropical America, which
often escapes cultivation. It has a prolonged bloom-
ing period (all year in the south), is a member of the
buckwheat family and produces a dark colored honey.
Where it occurs in dense stands a honey surplus can
sometimes be obtained.
 Summer farewell, Dalea pinnata (Walt. ex J. F.
Gmel.) Barneby [Petalostemon pinnatum (Walt. ex
J. F. Gmel.) Blake], is a perennial with compact
heads, occurring in peninsular Florida, from High-
lands County in central peninsular Florida north-
wards. It blooms from September to October and is
a source of winter food for colonies.
 Chinquapin, Castanea pumila (L.) Mill., is a low
shrub, found on moist to dry soils south to Orange
County. It blooms from March to June, prior to par-
tridge pea, and may contribute a bitter flavor to
partridge pea honey.
 Carolina willow, Salix caroliniana Michx., is a
shrub or tree common to wetlands throughout
Florida. It blooms from February to March and is
responsible for providing pollen and nectar to colo-
nies. It often produces a surplus honey crop in south
Florida.