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Winter Grains: (GRAIN) many of the questions raised by farmers and extension agents concerning management of grain have been answered after 3 years of research. Especially important to achieving these results with high confidence levels have been the wide sources of data used: farm records, grain studies in mulch and nc-mulch sod, and fertility studies. The past 3 yeats have validated planting date, variety and nitrogen level recommendations, both for wheat which is. grazed and not grazed. By 1984, questions about timing of fertilization and microelement additions should be sufficiently answered for the cultivars being used. As new varieties are introduced, they are subjected.to research in the region.
Wheat is increasingly being adopted by clientele members and a majority of them are expected to utilize these research findings. Signficantly, larger winter grain producers in the region should also benefit from these efforts.
(GRAZING) the question was raised by farmers during the first year as to whether or not wheat could be grazed followed by grain production. Research was immediately initiated to answer this question. The first year's grazing data indicated that wheat can be grazed for up to 6 weeks without sigr'ficantly affecting grain yield. These results have proven to be consistent over the past 3 years. Wheat grazing recommendations were made in 1983. New grains, like triticale and oats, and improved wheat cultivars, are subjected to grazing trials as they are introduced.
Since wheat seed prices have dropped, it is expected
that clientele who traditionally graze rye may add wheat to their grazing management, especially as wheat becomes more popular in the region. Higher management demands may retard rates of adoption, however.
Fertilization Studies: S deficiencies on wheat were noted in 1981. Based on demonstration and research activities a recommendation of 29#/acre S was established in 1983. Nitrogen levels of 80#/acre on cultivar F1.301 was validated from trials by 1982. Farmer questions regarding residual fertilizer in doublecropping systems led to research on N and K levels required in such systems, and microelement (Mn, Zn) studies. This research has potential benefit to all farmers in the region, who similiarly share heavy fertilizer costs. The long-term nature of this research and certain field problems have delayed recommendations, but these are expected for wheat and soybeans by 1984-85.