All the old hens are sold for meat, and 58 percent of the young RFERENES
chickens are sold when they weign 1 to 2 kg. The feathers from
chickens killed on the farm are used to make artificial flowers M.L. Barnett. 1978. Livestock, rice and culture. Paper
as a household industry (20 percent) or composted to make presented at Bellagio Conference, reprint available from
fertlize (80percnt).The Rockefeller Foundation. fertilizer (80 percent).
Maize is the basic food staple of the family diet, and 20
percent of the wheat is consumed. (Most of the wheat grown in A.J. De Boer and A. Weisblat. 1978. Livestock caponent of
the highlands is marketed, but some is consumed in this small-farm systems in South and Southeast Asia. Paper
pt island isea.) markemaizerodued, but sn is i ts presented at Bellagio Conference; reprint available from
particular area.) Of the maize produced, 40 percent is fed to The Rockefeller Foundation.
the pigs, 20 percent to the chickens, 10 percent to the dogs, 19 H. Diaz. 1978. Integrating an animal component into an agripercent is consumed in the household, 10 percent is sold at the cultural development project. Paper presented at Bllagio
end of the year when there is surplus, and 1 percent is used for culturee rent p ro te atkeller
seed. The maize stover is fed to the cattle. The parts rejected Conference, reprint available from The Rockefeller
by the cattle (lower part of the stalks) is mixed with manure to
produce compost. The same procedure is followed with the wheat B. Duff. 1978. The potential for mechanization in small-farm
straw. Potato vines are fed to livestock unless they were production systems. Paper presented at Bellagio
fumigated shortly before harvest, in which case they are left for Conference; reprint available from The Rockefeller
incorporation into the soil. Foundation.
Of the vegetables, a wild turnip that grows as a weed in the
maize (recently mixed with broccoli, which is allowed to reseed P.A. Fitzhugh. 1978. Role of sheep and goats in small-farm
itself) is sold, consumed or fed to the animals. It is sold for systems. Paper presented at Bellagio Conference; reprint
human consumption and consumed id the house when the leaves are available from The Rockefeller Foundation.
young but fed to the livestock when the leaves are older.
Recently, a small garden patch was established with cabbage, R.R. Harwood. 1978. Cropping systems in the Asian humid tropcauliflower, carrots, and radishes, of which half is consumed and ics. Paper presented at Bellagio Conference, reprint
half is sold. available from The Rockefeller Foundation.
Besides providing deciduous and other fruit, the fruit
orchard also provides herbs for medicines, which account for 25 R.R. Harwood and F.C. Price. 1976. Multiple cropping in troppercent of the medicine used by the family. ical Asia. In Multiple cropping, R.I. Papendick et al.,
The forest (including the grasslands) provides leaf mulch, eds. Madison, Wisc.: American Society of Agronomy.
half of which is used for compost on the farm and the other half
as payment for gathering the mulch. The forest also provides P.E. Hildebrand. 1978. Motivating small farmers to accept
firewood and pinecones for fuel and raw materials for making change. Paper presented at Bellagio Conference; reprint
implement handles and lumber. The lumber, which is sawed by available from The Rockefeller Foundation.
off-farm labor, was used for building the house, and is used for
constructing sheds, furniture, and boxes for seed potatoes. E.Q. Javier. 1978. Integration of forages into small farming
In addition to purchasing candles as a source of light, the systems. Paper presented at Bellaglo Conference; reprint
family buys ocote, which is a special pitch-pine kindling used available from The Rockefeller Foundation.
for starting fires. They buy cloth to make about 50 percent of
their clothes and purchase the other half ready-made. Wool yarn J.H. Maner. 1978. Nonruminants for small-farm systems. Paper
is also bought for making sweaters, of which 7 percent is used presented at Bellagio Conference; reprint available from
for family needs and the rest sold. Food items wnich are The Rockefeller Foundation.
purchased include tomatoes, garlic, onions, peppers, beans
(Phaseolus vulgaris), coffee, sugar, chocolate, riceflour, R.R. McDowell. 1978. Are we prepared to help small farmers in
oatmeal, cooking oil, lard, noodles, etc. developing countries? J. Animal Sci. 47:1184-1194.
Even though scine piloy (beans) is produced on the farm,
yields are presently insufficient for food needs. Bush beans J.J. Riley. 1978. Land, water, and man as determinants in
(Phaseolus vulgaris) are being tested as a means of decreasing small-farm production systems. Paper presented at
dependence on purchase. Bellagio Conference; reprint available from The Rockefeller
The farm operation described is a very complex system. A Foundation.
wide variety of activities are carried on to maximize resource
utilization and reduce risks. Due to the tedious balance of the
system, interventions intended to produce change must be
carefully evaluated; otherwise serious imbalances will be created.
51
52