'-4 FLORIDA FARMER AND FRUIT GROWER. MARCH 2. 1887. h Sform of kainit potash costs 35 per cei more than in muriate. But is it better than muriate? T only objection urged against the use KAINIT. muriate of potash is the amount -chlorine it contains. But does it contain more chlorine t Its Value as Compared with given amount of potash than kain: Other Potash Salts. Not more but far -less. In kainit, 1 BY REV. JAS H. WHITE. pound of potash hold in combinati ouragricultural 230 pounds of chlorine. In muriate 1 I wonder when our agricultural so- pounds of potash hold in combinati Ions will have done singing the praise but 62 pounds of chlorine. of kainit. The files of agricultural pa- To get 100 pounds of potash you bt pers abound in the most arrant stupidity 800 pounds of kainit containing 2 in regard to it. The following examples pounds of chlorine. are now before me : "Kainit is one of To get 100 pounds of potash you bi the cheapest available sources of pot- 200 pounds of \muriate which contain ash." "German potash or kainit has 24 but 62 pounds of chlorine. to 28 per cent. of potash, the remainder If these calculations are anywhe valuable fertilizing salts." near the tru'h they should in every ca But an average sample of Kainit con- did mind settle the question of the rel tains less than half that amount of pot- tive merits of muriate of notash an ash, and the remainder would make a kainit, clearly showing that kainit sorry fertilizer. It is ostensibly used for neither the cheapest nor best source its potash, but is chlorine, its largest ele- potash for agricultural purposes. meant, and chlorine is a bane to veget- ISLAND HOME, I idian River, Fla. able life so much so that its presence in January 27th, 1887. a fertilizer in any considerable quantity , militates greatly against its value, and for some plants is an absolute bar to its The Sugar Industry in Cuba use. Chlorine, then, is not only worth- Mr. J. D. Ekiss in writing from Cub less as a fertilizer but worse than worth- to the Sugar Bowl and Farm Journ less. shows how agriculturists may ada True, about two-thirds of the chlorine themselves to changed circumstance in kainit, is in the form of chloride of and points out ways in which the sug! sodium or common salt (one-third of the planters of the South may profit by th weight of an average sample being corn- example of their more southern neigh mon salt) but it is chlorine all the same, bors: and as such detrimental to vegetable The distressed condition of Louisian life, except in small quantities. sugar planters, at present, is asking fi But let us look a little more closely, aid or new ideas fr m more enlightened kainit certainly is "well recom- countries i i regard to po nts for amelio mended," but we ask further: Is it ating their condition and encouraging "worthy and well qualified?" prospect for the depressed sugar bus Potash is a necessity to agriculture. It ness. Let us turn our eyes towards Cub is a constant factor in all plant growth, for' a moment, and examine what she In uncultivated lands there is a constant doing. Cubans, as most Spanish Amer round or alternate movement of potash. cans, have a reputation of'being poo Growth takes it out of the soil and de- business men and slow coaches for-a composition returns it again to the soil cepting changes and improvements, bu s' thatthe supply is never exhausted, let us remember for a moment, that But in agriculture it is different.. Ev- sugar planters they are far ahead o ery crop removed takes with it not Louisiana. only potash but other elements of fertil- Cuba, as a sugar producing country ity from the soil These elements must has also been struggling with low prices be returned to the soil in some kind of heavy working expenses, and now wit fertilize, or it soon, becomes exhausted complete abolition of slavery. It should and barren. Potash must be supplied, be also added, that she has gone through and the vital question is, where can we a ten year's civil war, and heavy ,taxa get it "cheapest and best?" tions. In spite of all the drawbacks he For generations wood ashes were the present crop is expected to turn out t main dependence, but as agricultural be the largest she has ever known, an pursuits increased there was a con- it is said that her superb central plant stantly increasing demand for them, ation sugar factories are making money while the supply as well as the source though selling her sugars at exactly one of the supply was constantly decreasing. half the pr'ce that the Louisiana plante Where forests were felled and the timber gets for his, on account of United State burn-d upon the ground, the amount of import duties. potash returned to the soil was very It seems that Cuba has had the goo abundant, as will be seen when we call to judgment of gradually preparing her mind the fact that the ash- of plants self to meet all these reverses, and now rarely contains less- than 20 per cent. that the dark day has arrived she is no and sometimes more than 60 per cent. of afraid of the situation and is. gallantly their weight in potash. going ahead- with encouraging prospect But the supply from this source be- before her. came entirely inadequate to meet the de- Now let us give some facts ,and show mands upon it and it was clearly seen how she hassaccomplished such a suc some other source of supply must be cess: found or the impoverished soil would 1. For the last ten years, alh he soon refuse to respond with adequate planters, with means, have gradually returns to the plowman's hand. been purchasing improved machinery Fortunately in recent years abundant and to-day, as a natural consequence supplies of potash have become avail- nearly all the muscovado or open ket able from the German salt mines. Large tie small -estates are absorbed by thi quantities of potash salts are now im-: neighboring vacuum pan and centrifuga ported from that country. We now central factories. - have muriate of potash (chloride of po- 2. The abolition of slavery has taken tassium) sulphate of potash (sulphate of place gradually in the course of tei potassium) and kainit, which is a com- years, consequently, this year, when pound of sulphate of potash, sulphate of complete abolition has been premul magnesia, chloride of- magnesia and gated, the country has not felt the con chloride of sodium. sequences. The planter must have potash and 3. The central plantations or factory there are these three sources of supply owners do not buy sugarcane in advance within reach, muriate of potash,, sul- of the crop season and at a fixed price phate of potash and kainit. They fix prices weekly or monthly dur. The muriate when pure contains 68 ing the crop, in conformity or in sym- per cent. of potash and 37 per cent. of pathy with the sugar marketfluctuations chlorine. As we find it in the market If the payment is made with sugar, 100 it is of very uniform quality, containing pounds clarified sugar is given for 2,500 80 to 85 per cent. of, chloride of potas- pounds sound cane delivered at the - sium, and 50 to 54 per cent; of actual pot- crushing mill. If the payment is made ash. It comes to us as a product of nature in hard cash, the market, value of 125 having the appearance of common salt. lbs. clarified sugar is given for the 2,500 The supply is abundant, as a single mine lbs. good cane. There are, the aver- is estimated to contain 6,000,000 tons. age conditions. stipulated, which of The sulphate when pure contains 54 course vary according to circumstances. per cent. of potash and 46 per cent. of 4 The planter pays $10 per month sulphuric acid. It is extremely valuable salary for each cane field laboring man in quality, containing 35 to 70 per cent. in-non-grinding seasons, and $15 in the of sulphate potash and 20 to 40 per cent. grinding season. Feeding is $4 per of actual potash. The average of a month extra. I large number of samples is found to be 5. The sugar planter has a store estab- 29 per cent. of actual potash, or 580 lished on the estate, where, on the pounds of potash to the ton, while a ton long run, every cent that goes into of 85 per cent. muriate contains 1,080 the hands of the men on the place is pounds of potash. spent. Consequently, the planter gets Kainit is also variable in purity, rang- back all the money paid to the laboring ing from 15 to 45 per cent, of sulphate of men, and the store makes a profit in the potash and 8 to 24 of actual potash. I sales of 30 per cent. as an average. have before me the analyses of eight 6. The sugar planter or central fae- samples that probably represent a fair tory owner does not pay for w eighirg, average, as it is found in our markets. gauging, coopering and drayage of-bis These analyses were made by different sugars and molasses. The buyer of the persons at different times and each sugar and molasses fn the market makes sample was derived from a different adiffeand pays those expenses for his own con source. They vary from 11 to 13 per venience and account. cent. of potash, while the average of the 7. The commission merchant at the eight is 11.92 per cent. sea board does not buy during the year, I think it is safe to say that an average provisions, hardware, agricultural in- sample of this form of potash salts con- elements, stock, etc., for account of the tains 13 per cent. of actual potash yield- planter, making a 5 per cent. commis- ing 240 pounds to the ton. The cost per si. The planter gets the money from pound for potash in these several the commission merchant, through' a forms i s as follows : t contract made, and buys himself all A ton of kainit costing 15 dollars the above items and anything else he yields 240 pounds of potash at 6 cents needs to keep up his plantation In work- per pound. ing order. A ton of ordinary sulphate costing 40 8. The central factory owner or dollars, yields 580 pounds of potash, at planter, uses his own broker to sell his 6 cents and 9 mills per pound, sugars in the market, and pays him j per A ton of muriate yielding 1,080 pounds cent. brokerage. Consequently the cor- of potash, costs 50 dollars, or4 cents and mission merchants have no chance of 6 mills per pound, charging 2 per cent. for selling. These prices may not be an exact Now, if we stop and examine each of transcript of present values, but I am these few important items described confident they do no violence to the above, we will easily see why the Cuban substantial-facts in the case. In general planter or the factory owner of improved terms it is very near the mark to say machinery makes money in spite of the thatin the three forms a man will get low prices ruling, besides selling his the following number of pounds of pot- sugars at one-half the price that Louis- ash for one dollar : iana planters get. Muriate............... .........21 lb9. " Kainit ........... ..............16 A paste of emery powder and sweet oil, Sulphate .... ..... ......14* applied with flannel, will clean steel This very effectually settles the ques- perfectly. Polish with a piece of tion of cheapness, and shows that in the leather. nt. IDEAS ON HOUSE BUILDING. Do Woods Fires Hurt Land? Afr-Don't Fail to visit Brooksville, Hernando Co., before you settle or 'he -- Some years ago at a meeting of the invest elsewhere. of Advantages Arising From High Farmers' Convention of thethe State of of Evatg A eing e t Georgia it was decided affirmatively that of Elevation, Plastering, etc. burning the woods did not injure the T H E H E R A N D O Sa BY S. POWERS. land, but that the action of the fire on T H E H R N A D OliJ . it? This colony is often accused of being the soil and the ashes really improved it. 100 somewhat stilted. However that may Iexpected for some weeks to see the de- 00 not repeal the soft impeachment in an butdid not A on architectural sense. Every observing If fire improves the soil in the woods, traveler who has seen Lawtey at all, will it be any injury to burn off sedge BROOKSVILLE uy must have noticed how high the houses from the uncultivated fields in our sec- BROO SVILLE, 80 stand above ground. The earliest built tion? (We have a good many thousands OFFER FOR SALE- houses are not much, if any, higher than of acres in sedge in our middle counties, ny most others in the State; but nearly all thanks to the want of of a usury law in IAproved and. Unimproved Town Lots, Orange Groves, young or in ns that have been erected within the last our State.) The Western prairies were bearing, Truck or Gene al Farming Lands, Hig-h or Low half-dozen years are set up five or six or burned every year in former days, but are even six and a half feet above the nat- they are perhaps the best uplands in the Hammock Lands, and every.grade of Pine. mn. ural level of the earth. It is claimed United States. My own impression al- la- .that Dr. E. Crawshaw, a very learned ways has been that it was injurious to Pay Taxes for Non-Residents, Manage Property and Collect Rents, and nd and eccentric gentleman, was the orig- burn anything on the land that could be do a large business in Loans. is inator of this elevated s'yle of building; plowed under. of and sinevery house has b y hien con-field,thatwasthickly coated withweeds There being no Usury Law in the State of Florida, o to structed after it. and grass, in January; in-the same field, I per cent. on unquestionable security can be obtained both The soil about Lawtey is tolerably adjoining, plowed three acres that were damp, sufficiently so to require surface burned over. The burnt field made the on Town and Farm Property. drains, and it is believed by the learned best crop that year and I have not no- Doctor and his imitators that six feet in ticed any change in the unburnt field B R Oy rT '1 7f ba the air is none too great an altitude to for the better since. B0J IJ ) FILlj al secure the maximum of ventilation and I will give you my experience in clear- pt health. And it Is quite possible that the ing land. Girdle all trees above six Situated on a hill, altitude 328 ft., only sixteen miles from the Gulf of Mexico,- as, remarkable, almost exceptional, health inches in diameter some time in August. is properly called ar of this colony is largely due to this ele- Let it remain the whole of the next year "THE HILL CITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA " he vated architecture. untouched, and then shrub down and "THE HILL CITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA, ' h- Besides the sanitary gain, there are clear up in the usual manner. By kill- The County seat, with a stirring population of about 1,000. Fourteen well several advantages in this style of build- ing all the trees of any size the sun and stocked Stores, Two Newspapers, Railroad and Telegraphic communication, Ia ing in an economical point of view. rain rot the thick mat of leaves, and the Churches and Schools, and numerous residences, surrounded by beautiful old or Where the house is large and is sur- twigs and bark also decay and are not bearing Orange Groves, presents to the Tourist, Settler or Investor, the most at- ad rounded on all sides, as every house burned up, as is.the case if we cut every- tractive Town in Florida. Among these hills are to be found the largest and r- should be in this climate, with a broad thing down and burn at once. I hope most fertile bodies of Hammock Land in the State, heavily timbered with giant 2g veranda, a well dug directly under the that some of your readers will give us Oaks, Hickory, Bay, Magnolia and other hard woods. No County in the State 4- middle of the house will yield cooler their views on the subject of burning offers so many advantages in general farming, or yields such heavy crops of Rye, ba water than one anywhere else. Col. over fields and woods. Oats, Corn, Cotton, Potatoes, 'Sugar Cane, Rice, etc. is Shipman's well is thus situated, and FARMER. Early Vegetables for the Northern Markets are grown with more certainty ri- in the middle of last summer it yielded GREENVILLE, Madison Co., Fla., and greater perfection, without fertilizers, than in any section of the State. or a most refreshing draught at about 60, Feb. 11, 1887. Special attention.is called to the c- while the water in my own well (pro- * it tected only by a small well house) stood Sorghum ,with Oats and Corn. as at that temperature only in the spring, A Kansas correspondent of the Farm- A Great Bargain for a Capitalist or a Stock Company. If but speedily rose to 750 when the setting ers' Review in writing of his experience This property is situated on the Withlacoochee River, and contains 320 acres in of the rainy season brought the water with sorghum says: of the best orange land, about one-third of it being hammock. The river, onue of in it to the level of themic isat a surf ace Have also sown it with oats, har row- the most beautiful in the state, abounding with fish, forms its western boundary h Anso high thier econderomic gain is that a space ing in the two together. When har- for one mile, and connects it by steamers with the Gulf, and with the F. R. & d enclosed ig this, under a latticeworge hourmse, and vesting 'the oats no one would have N. Cox's road at Panasoffkee, and with the F. S. Railway at Pemberton's Ferry, h enclosed withcoo and lattice-work, feezstorms aroo noticed the sorghum, it was so fine and from which it is distant only about five miles. River and railroad transportation e aelightfully cool and breezy store-room small, but as soon as the oats were competing lines. r e Norkstherop, taking the plahoe both of out of the way the sorghum began to There are 120 acres cleared, under fence and in cultivation. There are 100 o nethe or Mherncellar and tool house. unMy grow, and in the fall I moved a crop of acres in solid grove. 600 old bearing trees, some of them being from 20 to 30 d derhbs house in o as helf sk e ^^- two and a-half tons per acre off from years old. 5000 trees from 6 to 8 years, which have been well cared for, and will d- means o l ard s lasfh in p that same oat stubble. The fall rains all be in bearing very soon, many of them bore this year. Three-fourths of these S means of the Hubbard squash in perfect being about over I bunched it in bunches trees are budded from the finest varieties, and the rest are sweet seedlings grown Preservation carome Juleasy to Novemer, with sulky rake, straightened up the from carefully selected seed. Valuable nurseries on the place containing about er and in one case at least, a whole year I bunches with a fork and let them stand 20,000 trees from two to four years old. There is also a natural or wild grove on ,s He alsosatores away under his housethe till I wanted to feed them. this property, containing hundreds of thousands of budded trees and seedlings, foIrish potato following a nd intended I have also sown sorghum in corn at from two to six years old, situated in a cove where they are protected on the d tableor seed thefollowing autumn. Laid on the last time of cultivation, gathered the north, east and west by woods and by the waters of the river and a beautiful lake. d a table or shelf in th a single course, they corn early (%s soon as it was good for The other improvements consist of a plain dwelling of six rooms, cistern, Ssprout the course of three or four feed), and then moved corn stalks and outhouses, stables, etc. There is a splendid boat landing and wharf already t months an are in fit condition to plant. sorghum all together, bunched it up and build, The bluff above the landing commands a beautiful view of the river, the S Mr. S Bailey, another neighbor, let it stand until I fed it out. The larger neighboring lakes and the hundred acres.in orange trees. No prettier sites for s ps uner nm spacone s se apanese. corn stalks were some trouble in raking winter homes on the Peninsuila. The property being susceptible of division, will Spertsmons, Le on.te pears, oranges apd itching but I did not mind,that; it be sold as a whole or in smaller parts. For the whole, if sold th, present season, and other delicate fruits forees, even wais as cheap to mow the stalks and we will take months,4excellent presertion., The lofgh.u. fin the fall as to cut talks - objection which might be urged against the spring. 4 ,.... ,-O > O>'C> .. r tions from the fruit rising up and per ma- I sow thffree pecks of seed peracre. It One-half cash, the balance on time to suit :purchaser. What do experienced y vading the living rooms overheadis ob- akes indifference whetheso r iteov orange growers, and they are the proper judges, think of such a price or such a Sviated by the strong draft which blows aow; sown alone i w property? The 600 old trees are worth the money. The 5,000 young trees in through the lattice work, carrying them omake a crop without rain; sown with grove form are worth it. The seedlings in thewild grove and nursery areworth Sway. teeoats or corn if very dry you will not get it. The land itself, located as it is,- is worth at least one-third of it. e th h much, but what'you do get is clear profit. B so well snruces sto bmentindllre With a little rain you will get a good L .Y. JENNESS. J. O. PRESTON. free from that reat eat of tphe Florid amount of cheap feed which cattle and ree fromthgrea pest ote rahorses will eat without waste and upon housekeeper, the red ants. They have which they will thrive. ,1-. PIETTXL-O W in the course of four years. One of these Feed it to hogs while green and they. e course ohsa our years. aiedon these wiill devour it greedily. Cut when about, FRT TrI r houses has a course of mortar laid on the headed out or before any ofthe RUIT AND VEGETABLE PACKING, -.sill several inches thick, filling the space seed are ripe eno-ht go,, as.catte.C between the weatherboarding and the do not are ripe enough to growell ands cattle plastering. All the posts that the house do not dgest the seed very well and FORWARDING AND COMMISSION HOUSE. Stands on are of heart pine, thoroughly you would have sorghum all over your - sound, no wo afford hi farm. Ssoundnorottenwood to ffod ng To procure. the seed plant a piece b Usully have orders to work our consignments into, enabling us to make PROMPT ETUNS places for ants, roaches, etc. itself he sehediSan Bythe way, the experience of this threslf, gatheheeads and run through Extensive Facilities for Repackin coloy a it il thrhing machine, or let the boy pullI& to.plaster house, even in Floridat It them through a knot hole, either of for outside parties, to which prompt attention is gives. Packages suitable for 0 not only renders it warmer in wFnter which will shell the seed.* SHIPPING ORANGES, STRAWBERRIES AND VEGETABLES, e and cooler in summer, but also cleaner, o both made up. and in the flat, always on hand, and for sale. Also, Hoops, Wrapping Paper, etc e less likely to be infested by vermin. It Values of 'Hay Cr.opS. Best of location, viz: . is folly, if not worse than folly, to hug The following table, compiled by Prof. S., F. & W. R. R. WHARF, 0 the romantic delusion, and write it to D. L. Phares of the Mississippi A. & M. Circulars and Stencils on application. JACKSONVILLE, FLA.' our friends in theNorth, "that anything College, gives the relative values of the 'r1r N -I-E- , f wi'l do for a house in this delightful cli- leading hay crcps of the South: M JUSTICE Smate." I have wintered in Rbme, Call- fornia. Texas, Florida, and all of them Perc Talue Tons i l t. P WL_ I rh Nameofplantele e Cmmission MeOrchat have, under some name or other, with Name of plant nutr'n pr ton pr acre W eU jne tO, JalU greater or less severity, the northerr," N N-- O.T S P I E which pierces the invalid to the marrow Average hay 51 $14 12 NO. 18 NORT WATER STREET, PHILADELPHIA. for a ay or soata time an makes him Red clover to 2 B. R. Specialties: SOUTHERN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Consignments Solclited. Return hunt the fire p lace. We might just as Timothy-' 14 8 o_ 1.2y, I P.. made on ay of sale. well knock all the nonsense and roman-KentuOrcha blu grass 5 11 1. 2 P. tical trash out of semi-tropical house- outh'n plants 4 VALRICO NURSERIES. s building, and bring in-instead of it- Johnson'grass 71 14 75 2.5 8 8. 4 .." .JP.. plenty of good plasterers' mortar, with Bermuda grass "8 15 10 2.5 1 .. Tropical and Subtropical. Spcowshair tees morta, w~Japan clover 72 17 41 2.4 A. R.. Oranges, Pomegranates, Figs Peaches Grapes, Pears, Pecans, Oriental Pluims and Persim- o It might be urged that a house so ele- Cow peavine 51 1 8 11 A. Calad i umin IciPna, aonetc. N vated above the ground would be very Broom grass 59 11 80 1.2 2 P.W U c Rescuegrass 7 1609 2.8 "8 P. W.-G. TOUSEY, Inconvenient for the housekeeper, com- c atalo r " spelling her totake many unnecessary B--Blennial. P-Perennial. R-Renews it- Catalogu FRES. Sefner, illaborough Co., Fla. n hy u ry self indefinitely. steps up and down stairs. It would be .*J. O'O. E-LOO T.LTT, Sif the wood and water were left out. E-onomy of Mainure. R T A - doors. Both ought to be kept as close at oE nomy of Manure.J3L A T.. O gr hand' as possible; the well under the Don't drain the barnyard.. Rather house, as above explained, and the wood obstruct the yard with rails and logs and BARTOW, .FLORIDA. neatly ricked in a shed on a level with embankments to prevent drainage. Orange Groves, Town Lots in Bartow, Whinter Haven, Haskell, Punta Gorda and Charlotte the kitchen floor. Then the refrigerator Make every effort to retain the water Harbor, or, Sale. Unimproved Lands in na and large tracts, at $2.60 per acre, up. Choiceten could- be lowered from the kitchen down manure. This is an important matter. P.OHAmRLAI. P w. BWsoAAIN into the "cellar" in a dumb-waiter. It is a good plan to keep the yard well SO U L'-L EFLO'I1T D.A. A In another paper I shall have some- supplied with absorbents in the form of thing to say of wells, cisterns, tanks, leaves and straw and refuse hay, and .. ,.i.-1 ]^.... .-.L. .. house-drainage, etc., as illustrated in the chips, shucks, etc. Save the manure .E j 1 An dwellings of this colony. and apply it judiciously to your lands LAWTEY, Bradford County. and you wil learn in one season the TAPA, FoRIoDA. Ofile: Twiggs St., two blocks east of Passenger. depot. it in the most perfect form possible. Florida Winter Homes Out-Door Whitewash. --So Live Stock Journal. 8 1 i Lime slaked with a solution of salt in ... 1 1 A 0 water, and then properly thinned with In some homes a close closet catches . skim from which all the cream has been all the soiled clothing until washday. No taken, makes a permanent whitewash worse plan could exist 'for health. An for out-door work, and, it is said, ren- airy loft or room is the place for such ORIOLE, HERNANDO COUNTY1 ders the wood incombustible. It is an clothing. O. H. E N ;: .U expand fellent wash farm purposervings.-The House- I AE JEBSEY CATTE. Beautiful location, facing on Lake Oriole and on the South Florida Railroad. - ahold. J j SE AT E. Lands all high and dry. New settlement; between twenty-five and thirty new .houses. ,, To purchase Grade Jersey From one A Church, Scho.., .i..y mails, stores, bakery, saw mill and hotel Large are area a dylplanted Temper the glass and earthen ware half to seven-eights, sired by registered bnll in orange groves. Choice building lots for winter homes for sale cheap. Ten, twenty and Putt gchin a erfu soW with calves and some to calf shortly, for acreorange grovelots. A healthysettlement in a healthy State. -. , ter, and heating to the boiling point, RUDOLPH GETZLAFF o all oor Address, allo~ving it to cool again, will do it, to TALLAHASSE, FLORID.O A. W. GROVES, or CLARKSON & 14 RTSON,- the saving of a good deal of breakage. References given if desired. Oriole, Florida. Jacksounvlle, Florida 1/' 67