Brooks: Diplomacy and the Borderlands 189

ish government." Accordingly, no occupation of the Floridas had
as yet been authorized.
 Fully aware of the possibility of a rupture and mindful of the
assurance the treaty would give to the boundaries of Spanish North
America, Narciso de Heredia, now again in favor, recommended
ratification in a notable memoir drawn up late in July, 1820." The
Consejo approved, and the King asked the Cortes for the neces-
sary authorization, his request being forthwith turned over to a
committee.
 The committee had another important document to guide them
in their deliberations, the first volume of the Memoria of Onis."
This included a general treatise on the United States, followed by
a brief summary of the negotiation of the treaty. It carried also
reprints of the Franco-Spanish treaty of 1800, the Convention of
1802 with the United States, the Adams-Onis Treaty, and the
"Verus" pamphlets of 1810, 1812, and 1817. Besides, there was
published with the book a map by the French geographer Adrien
H. Bru6, showing the new demarcation line. Forsyth reported that
the Memoria had appreciable influence in Spain, but he was so
irritated by some of its statements regarding the United States
that he circulated among principal members of the Cortes some
remarks he had prepared upon it."
 The committee of the Cortes in a secret session on September 30,
1820, recommended ratification." That action was accordingly au-
thorized by the Cortes itself on October 5, and the disputed grants
were declared null and void. The King signed the ratification on
October 24. In the closing days an attempt was made to obtain
from the United States some concession for the grantees of Florida
lands, but this effort was headed off by the firm attitude of For-
syth."
 The Spanish approval was at once despatched to Washington,
where Monroe felt obliged to submit it to the Senate for its ad-
vice and consent. That body passed a second resolution of advice
and consent on February 19, 1821. Only four Senators, all from
western states, opposed ratification." On the second anniversary of
the original signature, ratifications were exchanged by Adams and
Vives.
 Adams had urged the submission of the Spanish ratification to
 the Senate because he wanted a vote of confidence. It was also con-