Brooks: Diplomacy and the Borderlands 3

as Charleston, and by the activities of Oglethorpe in the War for
Georgia (1739 to 1748), Spain had had to yield to the English the
Atlantic Coast above the St. Mary's River (now the northern
boundary of the state of Florida). She likewise had had to yield
to France on the Gulf, allowing that Power to colonize the region
about Biloxi, Mobile, and New Orleans. After a petty war in 1718
and 1719 the boundary was tacitly admitted as being at the Perdido
River (the western limit of the state of Florida today).
 England held the region for twenty years after the French and
 Indian War. During this time it was again, at least in name, ex-
 tended to the Missisippi, and was separated into two parts, a di-
 vision which gave rise.to the terms "East" and "West" Florida.
 After Yorktown, more and more had to be conceded to the United
 States. Spain's military actions saved the Southwest for what was
 to be the new republic, and in the treaties of 1783 she regained the
 Floridas, although they were again limited by the Thirty-first
 Parallel on the north, instead of being enlarged as they had been
 under English domination. In spite of Spanish protest, the same
 parallel was agreed upon in the treaty signed by Thomas Pinekney
 in 1795,' and it remained the boundary line until Onis' time. That
 agreement also provided that the rapidly growing settlements in
 Kentucky, Tennessee, and western Georgia, in transmitting goods
 to market via the Misissisppi, should have the right to deposit them
 at New Orleans to await transfer to sea-going vessels.
 Out of Pinekney's Treaty grew one aspect of the desultory diplo-
 matic controversies which centered in Madrid from 1802 to 1805.
 The right of deposit, although originally guaranteed for only three
 years, was continued until 1802. Then it was suddenly suspended
 by the Spanish intendant at New Orleans, but without the sub-
 stitution of another port-a stipulation made in the treaty to care
 for such a situation. Resentment over this cessation was only one
 element in the bitter bickering between the two countries in
 succeeding years.
 MABITIM CLAIM AMN LOUISANA
 Representing their respective countries in these dealings were
 Charles Pinekney, United States minister at Madrid; James Mon-
 roe, sent to Spain as special agent of the United States after the
 purchase of Louisiana; Don Pedro Cevallos, Spanish foreign min-