. ,, ,," TIlE irrniMHA AlIUttOR : .AUGUST 20. . .. ... ', . - --- , -- -- ---- ----- --------- '- -- ----- ---_._,-.--,.-.-. --. --,------- ,- '- ---------- -- ", r j t" ; E'.nlCI11XG nxu LAXHS. IloH'll"l' dall<, matter into pine-land soil ; the point engaging our attention at present 1880. '. .. 1aS1. i is great danger of not ha\ing I' The problem which people are now most dcsirousof '. ,,,, "'1 , SHOWING HOW THEY M,\\. HE: KI.IT': ff TO A enough in it. con! oqucnty! the pine-land I having solved is, ,. . TUB 8TATK OF nUTII.ITWITIIOl'T farmer should be supplying it In some way, HOW TO KF.tr\'l'rI1'iF.I\SII:4: "' \. : ' : : KECOUKSK TO ANY OK TIIK: SOCAM.F1) at every opportunity.\ so that they shall not only beself-su.slainirig ; :: : <, ; \;, : HINCIiKS.: UMK within thenm-lves, but shall also afford a t, , .''THE. ; :;" }; Some months ago it was nnnntinml that is anotherelemcnt in which oursoilsare usually margin ot'lroflt) sufilcicnt/ ItIJ.in'lIh.llI to i : " in the course of the present: season we would seriously I deficient. They do not need it so their owner und his family.\ In our cflbrt to ,,:: ..: .: :: ,, ;" : : "1:: \. >'f .' ,oj publish an article setting forth how our pine much as an element of plant food as they doas I solve this problem we will suppose: !that an .. -" ... ', '. 1 ,. '. "l.'i.f.. ., ..... .., . land might bo kept np to a f.iir state of fertility a mechanical agent to aid in the rapid I industrious man has: just immigrated\ to our : : . without recourse to any of the socallcil decomposition vegetable matter. There pine region and possessed: himself! of, s.iv :.t>: '< ,>: :>" : ::/\tr: :;: . manures. The nnn01I11l'llI'nt aroused is 1Ilurulllillle enough for most crops to, forty acres of hunt. To save time we will ." ( .: .'" no small 'degree of interest and caused us! to make out upon, and here it cannot be sup supiNise: that his possession has upon it the .' I ',. [ I... , receive many letters, some of the writers expressing plied \egetable matter applied to the soil usual little pinccountry improvements consisting . a strong desire to see the article at should be first heaped and thoroughly rotted of a few acres of cleared. land: with as early a day as possible, and p.imo expressing else a large quantity of it in a raw or the necessary cabins etc. MIRROR doubts as to mir ability to do what partially: \\' htate may cause the crop to Our "new-comer" what could be consistently FLORIDA had been proposed. T.ic; )promised article !, lire-fang" or burn ou't during the hot and termed ::1I/l'xlrl'lIIcl'poor man. He would have appeared) ere this but for the dry weather of :-turner.. Along the coast, owns u'horse; which is his only live Mock, fact that we were waiting for the results of where shells are abundant, this: lime dellciency also a cart, a plough, and I'rllbahltlOl1lo certain experiments that were still i under may be easily; supplied by burning other .simple I implements of I the h husband wu\'. AllIs now settled to our entire satisfaction shells ami applying the lime. Shell lime is man. With these he is aiming to make ft and the present: being as: good u greatly superior to rock lime for applying to living for his family oft" his few nonproductive time in which to make the publication as sojls. acres of pine land. His neighbors; tell any likely to be )presentede shall now Tilt: COMMKItmt: PiUTII.t/KKS: : him it i is nlll folly unless! he has money.toevpend - proceed to have our say, prefacing it with do well on our l' 'lIl' lands as n general rule, in the pun-hate of fertilizers, w Inch he .1 . the assurance that there is nothing in the provided we ba\e added a sufficient quantity 1 has not. Dv close rubbing he may: have :' .., . way of mere thl'oryalluut the matter-it i isthe" of humus, but without this they will enough to procure his food !supplies through -STE! :_ lYJ'J I: "I, outgrowth of our own practical experience not make much of a crop. Cotton !seed meal the season: but not dollar the expenditure ; and personal observations extending: is one of the fertilizers in common use.: and of which could be risked for any other purpose. "w1 back over twelve years of pine land culture it will make most crops grow splendidly It'the Looking IIr01l11l11l11l0n.t; his neighbors ;j . in the county of Mobile[ and state of .Ala other condition just named is not want to see how they manage/ to live, he notices :';. . bama. ing. Few people realise this great need of the excellent results coming from the application ;, As our article will be read by many who humus :ami hence go on blindly raising fair of farm-yard manure, or rather from . arc unacquainted} with the natural charm'ter crops by applying large quantities of com "cowpenning.1 If ho had rattle he! would of the soils under consideration, it may bo mercial'fertificrs I double the quantity l actually be "all\IlIlt up," but he has not, neither has: well ,to .devote at the outset a few lines tooneiiy reotiired for the crop, perhaps.) In he the means of procuring them. Dut why uescriuing tins extra application they are; growing their are cattle so useful: I as I fertili/.iiig i agents ? --1- - Tim tioCTHLKN TIM" I.AXDI. own humus with expensive fertilizers, when What particular elements do cat tie, of them Upon them, with many deciduous tree- they might as well have picked up in the selvesVontiibute to the soil ? They contributenothing. - growths, grow several species .Southern:; or surrounding woods or have made it by They nre' sillllI.\' the collectors turpentine-yielding pine, the predominating turning under a fallow.! You may take a of fertilizing elements\ : -nothing i more. spceie.s being that of the long-leaf pine perfectly dl'\nllllll entirely exhausted piece And where do they collect, and what In known to botanists as Piling/ AuflrnH*. The .,pine 1:111111111 give it cotton seed meal at the woods-every place where vegetation is pine lands of the countries up North are extremely the rate of two thousand pounds to the acre, seen to grow', ami they collect a certain character poor, a circumstance which 1\IIIIIhc first year it will not bring you much of ,plants, such as) our "new-comer" naturally leads Northern people to look very of crop.. There will be more ol the plants sees grow ing all over the uncleared! portion with misgivings/ upon the l'illl'lanl'4 of the under the ground than there i is:'! above, for of his forty acres. Years ago a larger portion Q ;g lower South ; but our pine' lands I differ ma the land is making an cIT'ort to supply itself I of the pines had been cut awuy and terially from Northern .pine lands. That with humus. Ne.xt year you will get a fair converted into lumber for some foreign market \ they are not lands of first-class fertility, naturally crop with less meal for the dcc.ompo.sc-d and in their place a thick growth of o we arc ready to admit, still they roots of the preceding crop will have young oaks and hickories and. persimmons compare favorably with many lands in other brought to the soil at least a portion of the bad sprung up. He saw his Jll'i hhllrs' cat- regions that are seldom mmh complained lof vegetable matter needed. If a liberal blip- lie feeding upon the young and tender leafy SII 'i on account of poverty. They are eminently ply of decomposed pineal raw or other non- sprouts of these, and it suggested:; an idea- better than the landmaking! up the noted 1i.'rlili7.int'l'gl'llltioll/ had been worked into they were simply maklngu collection for the gardening: and fruit districts of New Jersey, the soil prior to applying the cotton seed neighbors': truck'patches.. Was it not possible . as about Vincland for instance, which contribute meal one thousand pounds would have for a man to collect as) well as a. cow? so largely towards supplying the demands shown far better results than were trained by. 11'Ai/not ? - of New York citv for fruits and vege applying the ton. Upon this thought he acted. With his cart I I --- ''''''"fi ''-." .. ,.,., .......:.."'..,...- I I- tables of the various Kinds producible in Among other commercial fertili/ers used and horse he repaired to the woods, and, ; ' that particular latilude.i on our pine lands the phosphates have usually aided by a pair of pruning shears, he had . Our nine lands consist, usuallv: of a dark, given pood returns and where one is:: soon filled his:: cart with leafy and Micculent ., sandy loam, resting at the depth of about not particular to have the crop use up all sprouts of the oak, the hickory, and other one foot upon a clay loam, which, in turn, the food in its year of application, nothing! deciduous growths. It was not much of n at depth of from three to four feet, rests is superior to an abundant supply of ground job to collect a cart-load and in throw it . bone or raw bone meal. Cotton seed hull upon a pile in a corner of his field. lie kept . upon u stratum of strong red clay mixed :, ; more or less with sand. These clayey sub ashes has worked its way into considerable nt his work, and the pile rapidly grew to Immense .. ....................... ,- ,. ,,..,,,. '. . popularity with us as a'fertilizcr and it is and and .&;;;>>'-"" '-"" 'j.. t , soils proportions, bcinggrccu are looked upon us being of great advantage succulent '.' \':. ..:,':-,' \!,\: ; to the agriculturist, holding, a.s they undoubtedly good, making up the soil's de the materials soon heated, and underwent ';: .I :, ,",1 I::';I'v: ;,,',; .1i'" ';'' do, his fertilizers to the !surface, always ficiency in potash, and, to some extent, sup a thorough decomposition, giving him I ,1.. .'; .. ", ,. I 'l },,;.; !; ," J.,;! 'j ,,I ,. i' ! 'Irfi ) ' ; / pl 'illg'lIeverul other needed '." : .' "" ; . elements.FARMYARD of > \ ' ft large " supply good 'i ' within as easy reach: of his plants. In some of farm-yard manure : 1. .! )h''jo',, ;" ' ( ; : . the lower situations ," so far us related! to <' I'. .. .. ,. .. ... ;. .'(.tJ ti!h '. .w'U: i : ,.' -_.. ,., .. these. clay. ullller-. -Iraia MANURE.Dy properties, as was 'j' ', ; ,.r Ii...,""',. ,:.:.'....."J.JAq.;; arc wanlllg, 111 WHICH I..ISC! ll 13 MlllU 1IOIII this the ever spread unonany niece of"noortmie land. the surface down to an unknown depth. cattle, hogs we, sheep mean, and droppings the ikl'. This of horses never, In truth, it was really a better manure than .,', i: '' \X'T\ :,\ ;',1" ;,.:,.: :: ': The sand in such situations: is usually white fails ; a bountiful supply of it invariably that gathered 1thl' cattle, owing to the .. I >( on the !surface, but an inch under finds it brings bountiful crops:: on every character of fact that all its elements I ivvere there, none mixed with a black: (organic) matter which our cultivable pine lands. It gives the soils having gone to supply that want in the animal ' gives the land a much greater degree of fertility everything they need, including humus economy, which had prompted the cow ; JOB than an inexperienced person would hence plenty of farm-yard manure is )plenty making her collection. PRINTING HOUSE be likely to suppose it I'o !'csscd. These: of everything with us. The only trouble Tho ',problem was bolvcd. Our "new white lands are considered: our worst lands, that we experience in the premises lies in comer found that he was able to make his , but we have found them only worse so far our inability. procure the needed supply own farm-yard manure, independent of the as they arc less capable of holding fertilising of farm-yard manure. If we have plenty of block power usually employed and, having . agents to the surface, being, consequently, stock and; will give them plenty to cat, they a will to work, he made it. At the proper more easily exhausted by culture.Dy will make the manure for us, of (course but time lie Mircad it over bis land, ploughed it aiding our pine lands with what, In where are their supplies: to come from ? Ofl in, and planted his crop In planting his '. tho'uld Eastern States would be considered your enriched land, says: one. That might Irish potatoes he opened a deep furrow ami ","' , 1 a very moderate quantity of fertilizing elements seem all well enough in theory, but it would filled it with freshly-cut grern and succulent: Y'. ..', T' wo arc enabled to grow upon them not work out to meeting of both ends, in branches from his oak woods., Upon these l h." ..,.,' "Ji- ; ... good crops of almost anything we sec proper practice. It would be too much like perpetual ho dropped his )potatoes, after which he Beech Street, Opposite Egmont Hotel, '" ; .:;. ,,:,. to plan motion, or an effort to lift one's self threw ridge; over (hem in the usual way. .' An average specimen of wild surface soil stairs h)' the toes of one's boots. It is impossible up-- When the time for )putting out his!' sweet-po .' f. taken from our pine uplands: and put to to prevent a watte in some tatoes hud arrived, he had his ridges all + . analysis, shows about the following results, hence each year must find the farm receiving: way, ready, filled with green matter on the same '.. ; 't I . According to Professor E.: W. Ililgard, formerly less in return than it gave out, and, as a plan. His-neighbors WNl' ',IIIZl'lt at the result '. ' of Mississippi, but now of California. consequence, running gradually down. We -large crops of both [Irish and sweet- ,. .' : . Depth of soil nine in 'll's. potatoes on lands without ..' ': -' 'I. ,' " < Thoroughly i must be after making good the deficiency. It poor either cow- : ; j '. : . dried it consisted of I II'otnsh may be done by helling crops or stock mill penning or commercial fcitilizers, wns 'omethingbo .j '' '",\1'. ',.' .' , ............................................. 0.200 buying fertilisers or it may be done to I unreasonable! that they could wircely ; ' Soda ............... ......... ........ ............... O.lXW extent by cultivating and turningunder some air- credit their own sense of Mght. FERNANDINA :.d'Mf;: Lime ....................................... ......... 0.131 feeding crop!' How done makes no difference And so it went from year to year. On (he . '_,, ... ; FLORIDA. Magnesia ........................ ............... 0.11'12' provided it can be done with land of our "new-comer" was: ft sandy '- : .!. \{'" ,' . profit : ' Drown Oxide of Manganese............... 0.140 when Mich i i.s the case, the question isMttledas :' ; ridge covered with saw-palmetto.. Dy some ., ," : .:.::.>;" .,. ; Peroxide of Iron................................ 1.j2: i to the success of pine-land farming on means he learned this wus among; lie most '. : ,; ' Alumina I i ........................................... 2.358' large scale. In days past most of our pine-a rich of our potash plants sn ho hauled it to .,'j., " Phosphoric: Acid.............................. 0.033: land farmers deluded UKJII| their stock for his grounds by the tOil It did not rot so , Sulphuric Acid................................ 0.021: their success, but the time when their old quickly as did his oak and his hickory, but, . Organic matter and loss.................... 2.IKH: : methods can be conveniently curried out is having things now in good condition! he ._.. '---- -. -_ -. , Insoluble nutter............................-.. SW.352 rapidly passing away. They sent their stuck could nflbrd/ to wait on its slow motions. ," , A specimen of sub-soil taken from twelve into the wild range to gather their own food, There was no giving out of supplies. Trim inches beneath the surface at the same spot, and such as came home at night left the result ming the brunches from his:: tree-growths '. ,i . gave the following showing : of their labors to enrich the lands: of only made them limb out more thickly and ., ;> . Potash ..... ........ .................#.......... 0.41 their owners. It was like bees gathering present a larger surface to work upon. The! ::., '. Soda ................................................ O.OiJOLime. ( honey-they went forth every day gathering advantages which they presented due to the " ._.................. ........................... 0.075 the fertilizing elements! indigenous to the trimming, were astonishing ; they almost )Having added KKW 'I"'I.INJ> WKW Magnesia.......................................... O.Sl'.l wtMxls and bringing them back: as valuable seemed to realize (hat they were vieldiri" 11 I'UILSSILS to our'office. ,, undhaying. Drown Oxide of Manganese............... 0.142 stores in the evening. This was called 1 valuable crop! and that it wan no longer/ BKHLKI)> WOUKMK.V ; : Peroxide of Iron............................... 4.14S ('OWI'NSISIJ. pointed 1 that they should ('oll\'crt themselves up- who know how to O t'JIO IlUr J(". we.are now. .V"- Al u nIl lIa .......................................... 8.87!* Into lrl'clI. .. ::<' '> "' Phosphoric Acid............................... 0.023 The stock were mainly cattle, which/ were There was no swamp on the lands of our prepared to do any and every kind of printing, 1''''. Sulphuric Acid.......................,........ 0.020: penned at night within certain enclosure "new-colIl'ri"; had this been otherwise he '. ,',< .I>, , ' Organic matter and loss: .................... 2110 until the owner deemed the land rich enough might have used it to advantage, by ndxin" " Insoluble matter................................84.02S: for n ricllltl/rull"lrI'IJSS| then he mo veil bis swamp muck into bis (compost, and by willcring /! . iu order that his stock pen : These tables, while they do not fehovv tlio while be might enrich another swamp growths for his heap. Jneluding best lands in the world, show land that ing the acre site of the was::! breaking and plant : long mews. all| of which ro\\'tllIl\vollld have could be considered the )preceding; lot. Crops been found decidedly rich in not. by any means, raised on this plan were often ments fertilizing ('Ie- . , reall'cleligllt lie worst.: Taken In from the wild ttate they fill to look at, and there might: have collected pirn-straw! was had be usually !produce some kind* of crops for two where tho'III' and the land received never a failure ter of Ills needed it for humus; but the charac w . or tiiret* vears reasonably well without aid, attention. No finer proper fertilizers left no such necessity in . but after"that a fair return must! be made to (croj of sugar-cane, existence ; and ho might! Iiavecollected pine FROM A corn. jMitatoes, turnips, pumpkins melons cones had 500-PAGE'BOOK TO them else they will no longer pass muster and even cotton ever than, i contaiii they Ix-en convenient, for they A VISITING CARD 'as productive. Aside from the chemical ( grew we have a larger KT cent, of p<,tah (ban any -- , rCtllentlyleell growing under ftner : . I'rolcr) manaCIUt'nt H Mithrn growth known C"" : . agents in which the foregoing table Ilu'eShowlI perhaps. . at the ;: bands of the Die . . / MIAMI tit be rnmnflrilth C'lV deficient. cowix-niiing foregoing may r'llIllikl'lI11 imaginary .'.,... .\ . IIf their needs usually from the fa IIt'r. IIktl'Ie. Illlfr. II.,.,> ">./,".:,._ ......I... .,*. f,* ........,1.. I'l .1 .. .' .,5. .. .. ..> , one greatest luWl'cnnlllg is Kill. practiced tocon&idera-! thing will work" "* "" > *** 111..1110 .',.' .. '." ..t. '1.c ) .., :, .,;'I(:.. >. t-, -:.', ' out is just KO start time. every If very II able extent in many !localities along 0111'l'oa4t. solves the l.r"IJl'JII.-JItJ.iI.) Kratirr.iATiTN .. It" """ .1 ,, I or decom| osed vegetable IICUC8 matter, to prc\cut longer, but, a-s it a matter cannot of be course.niado (profitable Our lands much are -, --. -..----.. .-, --- ;\ ;' ,;: : :; ;:; '" ', 7' /" b" :? : ; ' : : packing." Persons not acquainted with becoming: too thickly bottled to admit of it. obtained iurnewInvvnUonsor ; : : ? ::3 ; : : , sandy.soils, would! beoj>t to think them incapable a* so much stock will eventually have eaten for improvcmcntx( in old! "r : . i of packing and becoming hard under out the range to such an extent to one*. Caveats. Infringements Trade-Murks! ,; JVeatlj, autl iali Clip u,. uuy Ollh-c In as: have: lllill nil : .,Florid . . i culture, but packing In dry weather, especially rendered their sustenance Iui|>OHsible on the tu. IlUtent 'IJlIl'lhH'M promptly attendediMMP '.. < .. < , f over the clay sub-soils, makes up old )plan. Then a cfllllgeIIU"t.. conic-the IX"J'S''IOX-J' T1IT "AVK: JIKKX:.: ; \ '., . one of their worst feature Dut it I lf not farmer must fall uj>oti *HUC plan to make <'/ltCiI U may btill, In mobt cases, tit patUSt .. ... .. .. .. ,,t '- hard to prevent : an abundant supply of almost lilj own lands self-BU aHng, bic 'he will by IM"B "I'l"*"" I'1' U- H. Pat- , any kind of vegetable matter t>eU them no longer have a uoufljpl number of ifllJJlilen? ;':B t't l I" 1'ATKXT DUHI- ,. :' ,: .A , and leaves them "mellow acres :" KXCLUHIVKLY: ,...,...' ", I"IIW :\''<:'' .. . right a-s as anashheap" not his own to bw we ran wx-uro patentf " constantly raking in )bi.s " iii: l(*" time '. J( '' ,.. .. : ; through all In than those who 1.\-" . seasons. apply ... : living from it " as were. We as.ert that thi ore remote. .. J '1i' " from ) .. .. it would of \\"ulthlllgtUII, : 'J... - ing vegetable matter course, be change can t be made easily enough, and : .. 1-'T' .j;. ; ''\\I {" '-.t\i. '' ' our When . beat to make use of something qualified to assertion ii ba!ed niiou what we tuuie, and In ven tors ftnd model or itUtcb, ., ...,. I, .hh11J .; .-:';{;," 't'i4J'=\ . also the needed we make search in t'-e Patent ; ;,.! "t:' .. supply fertilizing elements, not merely lat Ofllce, and : : ,. . but in where this cannot be 111"11W we think. Of courso advie Wi to iu .''''-.s. ., .. .,!; .. .. :t" done then b. ; case it would be an <-a.-y matter t<> make our lutentabiWvrrA>.\1'. .I--. .. .,' .,:* ,, : ." " and broom hedge. These will make prudiuU. mrr.\Jxl'U.: ... 1I" . at good figure* like , as mechanical agents to prevent "pack- the JM: : .land regions New, Jersey they gt in \\e refer byrmi| iuii to th (.'11... |I'.t. ,.r.11o,, send your orden. for, PI 11 NTNO.'" IUNDiN l47u ': already < Ing as any other fepocie*of vegetation, and alluded maatc'r, flll'llu! lh* :"Jfriutendent; 'f, uiffiva: toIde but to. uch u thing i is nut to be ( tl n i. '" ...... they will add vmiethiay to the fertility of the l>ected. 1 throughout the 8mtheru pine coun. tx-:. IWHlffliv Money Order HirM.ni in Wahington. I- the8t, .Onler, for either; ':111| | revive 'II' " '{,I soil, many opinions to the contrary notwith try at prex-m. tin dexirable a state of: af. Jur IIII| tial r tl.r''U'lcinular.: : wr. pruuipt attrition from A;' standing. experience tells us that there lair* will probably c mc in timp. me, UriiiM-ti-,, wit!r,1of! .. .. ' U little danger of getting too much'... decom along our great railroad line*, but that wpwially U not .,-., Opp.pjUciu***. .\. 8.VCM' & CO.. PY..OU'Il).( n nluh . Office, Wiwhingtoii, I).C. odD . - "" _, .'EIeX4SI>>IH, .'1.\. . f':.,.... ..