,wy i- yr; , } i.'Sim ,...._" ,, '_:>"P:- ''" I "t. "'-l.. 'S!'" ,;'I' .. '', .o:, ., .., 1,.. . a 9. _- --- ',- J .' )i._, d ,.._.. _. _.,n.---.... _-" ..,.;..---I .. ,'i.- . .. ., ...... -' . '. l T r.1 1"<.1--- -. :. _.__ .__ __ ." __ __- .. __, _., .... 1 . THE FLORIDA MIRROR[ : JUNK o.JACOII . ---- ----- - 'j'junle"1 .rUll XIJ" miiaiiT. 1. I bicart bus brought, such'rare gifts of beauty, ,, who worked for hits failed tu have a (com- brought him Hose to their side. No lad to repeat any tale again t the Serenissima I I [Prime Uev. Robert Collycr. in a recent l If(o- Fricnd'Bright could not In- content to I petcnce. by the time when they could work would wli'lie. even, in his hearing, after he lie was: Mire of it. With, thiproviso.. tare in Now York ( the following serve now ; Jio vii looking, out for 1 chance no more, Haying/\ to himself! no doubt, if I had uffu .1 thl'll the "l.tilll. once or tWll'C.of I will now relate the legend as! I heard it City, gives H> (employ and ('reatl. And.1'oU may feel lake ole they should, !lake one also; i i is fini'hin" the tune on (the ,Common, i whilst t I was quietly lolling in a Vcnctimutgomidola interesting account of the life of the father pretty sure that when I 1.1' Iris it in him "imply, I'question of degrees. He "olhilot they f.,1 tr.111"t do. it ; nor would . and mother of John Bright, perhaps the till do thin to /'I'lllllrl'l"/ (here arc those bear to see a man poorly. shod who had a tread grass, after he had offend It was toward the end of 1T(>0, when one I greatest Englishman: : of our times :] Mimewhere, u lift Jacob crumb of deserving. f cannot bear tat to widen. the footpath, fora pair 11 night an English: kil 's messenger reached: I tf'it his lift in Manchester! where few gentlemen ftI'r. and so I always give such men my if they would only make up Mcstre, wanting to cross over to ('lce. Sir In traveling coM; )by north from Liverpool with money' and. brains had hecn ,( Friend Bright knew better, and; Ililll tll'l.4 how with. tlle.V wanted it. John Hawser-!such' was his namevty! li I I on your, way in to the great centres of the woolen walhillA hill'II/.lil business with them struck the marrow of such giving; he wore Jii Frilnlilright" master!' in Hochdale, young, brave and very highly ( , trade Yorkshire and to the beautifulold fr 1'111111: tWI. factories IIIHI l 1"1 out his own and gave the time fellow a \ by of 1 tender and, gll.erl and us such, perhaps )lie had !been (hOl4l'l r I f'itot' York, you strike a !sort of "black ytiirtcd in the (liochc., which isnow One who had to heart the to trilling h message - ; 'all'ff .pair poor neighbor gone toward those whom Jod l by ministry! ('onOI'olC; : I hill" country, where by rMson of the cold, / so full of t'lil' 1111 l one of these was the dogs with drink, took a new !start and committed, in some sacred sense, to his trust to King George s representative in r I the 1)1U99ont9linger! on the hawthorns faraway Waiting for Fri'I.1 Bright ; and so he hIt l't''lnlc a champion, of temperance; but, on And because! he durst be more than just-as that town. After a delay that WO\1el1cl'1, into, summer; and. you may (nick, the tc an employer "I labor, and hit IMIM-n the plea that (lie ah oho! Ltd call'l UI\a\thevery the world about, him defined the term, the enormous to our modern express tram travclers I I backbone last immroso there (I If the( year. It i is! the JJII in this worlil; : to spin honest cotton roots of his hair; got up a subscriptionfor Eternal }'ro\'ill'II'e was generous ; all a gondola was manned, his luggage I i Northern England: ( and on its 111'1111 a wig. He brought the paper to Friend l'orilJ all nobility except that which lies loaded in it, and at last it IJl'/an to p glide toward I eastern !slope the starting point of those there were two to Friend Bright. The lallleupon it were those of \ tre manhood'. ,, lull ,gave him for son the city He jut before , fi. a dales while\ about! the. other :Sunday; evening bright-0.1'there are tf waOltll I ; 'I' $-of poor people. Take that money, back and/ the i.oblest commoner in England: dawn ; and after hurried breakfast |,: ( /\, on the western Mope" it is! the hill Conducting business The one was. that come: again," he said I ; .I will give thee And I have l'l'el11rwl' to this man's life, Sir John delivered his packet and began (x- I I Iploring J A (country Laneanshiro, the most enterprising (they should come together each bent t on hi-* nothing now" The reformed l brother did for the lesson! it brings into the troubles and /\ the lanes and alleys of this incomprehensible ' and l progressive!! Shire in the kingdom\ own I Ilt'rl tl. hit, will no regard, I beyond, I as lie was hillelenn.1 t i got a l1rund-ncw wig contentions of our day, and.( the ]hint there I is town. ]Being tolerably proficient I ( t the Massachusetts\ ns one man say, as Manchester Ibis for the interests the other ; (conclude, from the 01 man, which lasted (him his! in it of I po ihleIolutoll! to some of these in the language, he soon found! his way t to i h the Boston! In the glens which U sort of armed 1 truce which each side_ might life. }"' Bright had neighbor who troubles. I knol this i is not the the Piazza San Marco, and was duly astonished , the !streams' have cut through the. heart of break! at its! own (:on\ticlee, the employerfretting tried hard to live by farming ; but his whole same world Friend Brjght had to deal with i by its peculiar Then as now, ' mimeo hills, you find thousand: of factories: \' as much work as ('UI out of (each stock was a cow: und a donkey, and they when the (century came in, and (that thechasm the Piazza was the 1\"Pl'l. the city ; laws t of cotton on the western slopo and woojen hand for the lens money lie will take ; the were pitiful sight, (11 grass was scarce on is far wider IJtwel'l Capital and Labor und edicts were p promulgated! in it ; sentences - 1 on the eastern,, 1\1I.lu swarming population employed giving the least on his part andjetting the fyke. One day, desperation, the ,donkey and the forces more equally matched; were pronounced from the balcony of I. tlr 'I of the old h'ollIlIJrlt.l'rn/\ well type, wearing/\ ( the most, and each going hit way broke into Friend ell\l'r, and and I feel free to say I am glad of this, because the Ducal Palace; whilst! beggars\ ! shoes with wooden soles bound with I/ltII. I when the work-II"I or factory closes fortlie the usual Job's niekscngerrau with the news. neither can be the slave of the other and others of similar caste gave it a j- (. 1 iron, and very clever at their aye in a light: ; day. mil, mof"r each other "Now I think that i i'ct' sensible in the without the utmost peril all around But animation 1 r :, radical illllleirthillkillg'.r( olulI'llIlIlprollll't Hum if they lived in ('hill'l'wl all China. donkey," the Quaker "autlltunolligeilto while it is: another world.it is nut umiulherhnutunity Thoroughly enjoying the freedom of walking . ? in their action ; not so superstitious, as their This! was"one way. (' was that thee for thy good 1 turn ; but its thee goes We are about the same, butt after his long\joutChv coach! and gondola ,1 abide neighbors iu are who till the land\, and who Ihc mal with I great brain and the tine home will thee not l'nl at (tndsden's house thought better, as we all 11le'e, and t somore I Sir John indulged ) rambling, pro- I dwellings; black with age on the powers: which lead,1 to fortune, should, nourish and tl.1 him to turn cow into my' clover lkl.h' to answer to humantouch 1'j cnsities to the full extent. Whist lie was i upper reaches! of the hills n genuine regard for those who also! think her in milking ; were it will help 11'1 ; wliI', so far as my observation doing r so crowd collected of the .\1\I1.1I1'1t where this! land )begins under (him, as so brothers and. friend thee and the did he I \ reaches tvcytermibshi sees ; tan as was exactly where we strike one ) Naturally curious, mil hav to billow from 1u'allalarl' mealows( !le of poorer endowment'and: so win their re- bidden root of t the trouble l'l'I\'lel employers) and nothing else to do I, he hastened to the wurm, sweet : and gardens\ you ).tlrcllfhe could in return ; count his fortune I the WIlel alit to complain (that their l'ltII'I"\ I ('ti speak only of my obser spot, elbowed his way to the center. c, come to, town to which ;yoii\. are instantlyattracted ; \vjth the power to make it as! 1 trti-t to beheld were too fond of going' to the another city, and of nine years'experience By the red pillar of the balcony an usher by one superb building./ It is ofthe I, in some fair nleasutre. for t those through tl1\'erl lie was given i to telling! a story of an as a workilglllan in Petill4yl.1 was reading out the sentence of unknown Wonderful(motl li' ;order, ami and true to.it4l'1ailll! with Wh"t toil, as well as through his own, the inu Binary husband he heard of, once, VimOlyuti111imeiurnucryOfhis vuura,1ut that should be worth something; felon, with all the pompous sOle(11'(11- a tower spire ngninstthe wealth and power are won And this was : wile, "C'umilesvhoamii and to me it amounts to this : that in proportion HO much in' favor in those' days.'. !sombre sky, gleaming: with gold.! It is: n the way l.'rilll Bright tOll. at once, with to the childer an me until'the wife! hit on to the nlllcr of the employed, is 101110n' 'prisoner, just brought ' ; town hall : .And as you are watcbin! this: inwonder tho c who came to work ', and of .home itS the il flct"t\ u plan making so bright that inditrercnce of the employer to whatever some dark cell I, seemed scarcely to realizethe \ 'l'hdjlle"lIlIdtlLl'lI the ,guard\' calls: that! out this} town i is the with li'l"or neighbors and frklill' in the ('l'lll':!as,If there! fould he no such place on !lies out!ide the strict tl'rt1 of the bargain I Il'l'ne. as his 1' '('::01 unused now to the I, J; are you aware Ei MlVll the beside, unit now the man saw thisand have to hear ot such IZl'lt ; Titus of the l'arll yet men as Salt light the sun, vacantly) on excited , home of John' Bright\' the very noblest\ Englishman : "i'j; J.gentle: fril'tll, Martha WOOl, whom. 1lr'lt again to drink Then he and 1 Friend Bright\' and William and 1'obert mob that surrounded the low scaffold Ion ,\ . t t') my mind, now on the earth ; Jacob tlrrh'lll, Bolton, became' the mother alwavs left out the moral, and the women' Chambers, in the splendid array of employers which he The and I remember when I this thatdlndstone WL .standing. I'nlcl'I'I"I"I"ha'ing say: of Ile\n. They were all born within the usually WOI the clay.t in these States. There is: mi more been read, the prisoner was tlkel r hc is I, alive, and Tennyson und mentioned many a i space of Ilt'I'1'lItII, awl nil but one livedto I was a sore trmible'to' have the pigs in -hl'artl'llll1l in the world in the way J.cler.of away to the jail where) he wn*' to undergo ' idc whose will he man name 11 4 with mlhl \ ; Ill so the garden ; they got in from the common. and colleges: money for missions, the term of imprisonment to which he had. pride in a thou-wii'd years.! mother was busy enough, be !sure,!, Friend, llright kei't: his but this homes for the I you may !' temper; was sick, and just been condemned: ; and the crowd, the That "simple, sturdy Ifwl'lIlnlC. standingamong with such u brood, and might well IUI'I lot to be of the gardener who ohecur so far as! I know, Blll'snll Ihurehtli'hit sight i being over, dispersed.This . those trees theVlopu of'tlac hill, I is I'Xll'l't1 gradually on . I ( from other ser in broke the back of 'on"I.It.lllcl''lf Ixl'mpt..1 1i one Bright so his peoph1 and made incident (' very trifling, among f John Bright's hou e. It is of two stories Dust : only \ still l he serving II who could ill Martha's a blossom have IUlt ) poor woman sweetly, is of and Sir John would probably forgotten - , t I but of a most ample breadth: (' I nail deep- other, while she II' I'I'IIO, duty or atlord the loss.: She did not go to a justice, tl't to be tot it .within week hud it not been for nest' like its master. And. like its master, grace of the home. ,!'( hal'I..11 but right\' to the1'owner of thegarden.nndhudthu The hllll f4Jn\ is wanting-the kindly its strange consequences.I While pushingand also l It !stands'! fair to the "sun' with the ( t thle days, born to a hard were animal in for evidence Wl.t. lit 1111 brought "AnnJames which reaches out and wins the heart elbowing his way in the crowd it seems est of all windows to drink in the 'lear"I'; rwiIJ11 1 ignorant and I base, : under the I ," he said., after hearing both sides, with\ the bund. It may be this is possi that some clever pick-pocket had: robbed. c You would get the Impre"ioll'ltII.lf! ) things which hat come with "I have often warned: thee about those pigs; ble ; I think it hll'lot'heen fairly tried. "Somuch him of his lace hnllefc'llll'f. It is l'ltailh' c it nnist be the home of a (lu\a'r-Ihrl': iv! the factories Martha got theyoung of thine; they trial to me for the of flesh " WII'I IIl'l Ir'nt 11,1 pound we to the very unpleasant to be robbed even of a valueless - such 1Itro lll-hrlll1l11'd say t < Nlh'l'r-J.r\\'lnuk: about together twice week and 1 gave th11 due :Samuel, but Samuel should not have struck man il the forge or the mine "Not I so article ; but in this case the thief had it it; while you would not envy'the Princewho and IOU'III illltruliol. It was all !she' could so hal'III" that; II /r he was in haste and in much, he nn then tries to tip thesellc obtained a valuable prize; ! t ] could not be content to live\ in home Wl'rll Illl'l'-lillell. thl'f' i a I do as yet, means were limited I and wrath. Now oust kill the 1II' we poor thing, at is an armed truce ; was for Sir John Hawser additional sting dgl( i so radiant with the bone-liku look. she had to keep the books for Jacob. Ilesides theesees, and he stall he cut in twain where it is kindly I loyal compact, in I, of having by an Italian. He ; Down in the town you f111.1IL simple old this, there was that steadyknitting/\ of stockings the break 1 is, and Samuel hal eat the end which each feels bound to the other h would have heel hel roll'l'l angry if it happenedin l .niceting-housestnilhig quietly apart with I for her own and other Ilol'lc'l4ltlln'l he huts ruined, alit pay for it lt market price ; far deeper thll those on the paper )tCI London ; the pickpockets there were so'. 'l a grass plot in front and a few graves beau: which seems to be I part I of I and thl.,111 1 I take the other end home to tot "give! take," but "take take," clever that there was no shame in becomingtheir t tifully' kept like a garden. This,is the meet :' votion. And n." she taught she raised, her thy 'hil1l'l. Jut tOW (thee must watchthose and the result is that we know /ll; thou victim ; but to been hu \' hl\'e plundered ( 11I?-Lou"e where John' Bright) "sits on FintDay daughters. to teach. :She got the hands ; the 'uture, for they do try usvery all miles l101 lot begin to measure the clumsy Venetian was too much for his \ F with friends the silent " Itt meeting for' " ; in the and needle into together put a nuu im. distance each side travels mi alter six in the equanimity, and he burst out in n torrent of is !silent' meetings, I urn told are the rule there their I and books, and lie met back to the mill in tngl'rl 1 I I pen : 1 boy, timing ('evening by (this mcaMiremcnt of real human abuse And John l'lllf)1Ior) never Ml'ak'X'l't! iy> their tine uses, and so on sore distress- of I / ,111'1,1 a one ( between ' mil and in but built \\.luw' dllil. employer cur Speaking mostly mixing a II1l'l'tllljS fur' business! nor is! it thought hi"! 'Olll'lrl lalln. ; ; lust t a capital school was: many-and said. does thee ployed. few anathemas Iltlut English he \h" speech, related 4'' ran speak to much purpose by some of loin> in connection with the factory) not to thy dimer? Who II In,1 go i is i llil4t'rIright finally, to blame? Who should his loss to a few bystanders, and seasadvised own race, for when daughter; took one ut and no child tl'l..1 gointo the world iguurantturned ," the little cllow cried; .m\' brother take the employed cannot by them to complain to : +J ", her sons to hear him at a great meeting III while the spindles l in the hands t of minutes ahiad ; there will be no dinner take it ; timecutptuvercalm. It rests with the or rather to those: officials who under the( ( i il'rellh.hnn ?+ I Birmingham, und there happened to hell Jacob Bright wh'J ll I get hune; he never leaves InyWhl'lI )great brain ; with the man who I is in his degree fulfilled l the present duties of n rough) I passage between two friends bcfoft' John was the oldest. of the ten who lived, he gets thatstart." He'I+ a delicate king who ( to this man and the police.. Though without faith in I sub great John rose to speak, the little fellow said, I b,<- and when he had\ come to his: first new lit child. and nccd better usage: ; so }Friend he goeth,mind to'UI that man and go he this plan he followed it, and gave notice to thought these were far better speakers than) : of clothes and the mother was ( the Bright said, "TU'e with little 1'111 I crossing ; come I I', cometh. The human heart will still answer the authorities. He was by a 1 uS\l'll very his grandfather; Ihl'11I1lll' the tire thvh o, ; the Queen of the Seas i U now on glasses of vino santo they had been Itt ( kindly heart us the sequel shows, a strung\ then whenever I saw her after through. such drinking ; suffering, Englandgave a town. But however (al ) resolution to rise in the world" and abmit a that the greatly 11111rvlncal r together: but knowing full well the jealouscare cough came( i up ut list for very shame. One of or commercial the : Crm Sereniasima had for its dollar in money. But those who hear me It was the custom within Ill)' day for theoverseer the men l'meto him; he was to stand for view Venice has still and will pint hae they instantly shrank from him reputation front , t can hardly imagine what it was: for such a to carry a strap-a length of leatherlike Parliament, and would fain have the oldgentleman I peculiar thrilling interest. Every stone as L youth to curve his way to a good place (bud that which und this dangerous lan Availing thcm'elvc of lib .. c harhl'r use ; WW on tlde. He could not support had it own legacy of romance; every dark \ . t 1 u fair fortune He begun his life us u journeyman laid well und emphasis acrsot theahotlderS htm but dsdained to rip up the old gate haunby It familiar ghost ; dark opprunite down they side disappearedround weaver ut six shilling a week ((11\dollar of child who did trouble In evt'r al's; .Ii any not keen up wltici the man had only done recess, every cranny) whispers iu old vlrll and soon Sir John found himself . and a half of our money) for l xU/ing" with the rest; and many a time I have been his duty under lie law. So he simply said: Itor)'. .er| At least he food clothing, b lnx ks and ,whatever bcvdde so Muitten. .No strap ere"friend! Bright I Thou art a very neighbr, and kind The official annals of the Most Serene silent figure (had been 8 thought him; but I he wantt'll.Itll this in the dear times_ J'K following for was said No dogging-only moral suasion ; to the poor Me rlnnot SIr thee out of Venetian republic contain innumerable instances some time and ! was now and stealth of the o4! Still there )has' eagerly French war. and the moral suasion lay in another our town ; I ceittot )give thee my tote" of Il''I'arrests, secret trials,followed ily dogging him. So it t hardly been any way discovered of keeping/ .Friend" who was very clever at luch work. Now the primer conclusion to the career almost always by still executions noiselessly' carefully that for WllkO so 1 I a young man down who can write the three They' would marry these )young folks when of this Quixoti.Quaker would be to break ; but besides lor, many beret terrible Sir John did I ttelle.l. this unwelcome a sha\ CVs at tile end of his nJ\ml"-'oUr.Lge.; \ \- their time came; there was no defence in the and |>ay nothing at al in the pound ; t find drama has taken place within I the stone dow, and even when he did he attached city and l'UllIlud.n.t si' Friend Height against that But Friend heart hurl! the nether no ludllnc his us walls of the State Cvhvenientlysituated Urgh mibtne. importance to it, But at last he rose, through the threefold' quality, 111\1'l in Ducal began to . wuuhllY: "Thee Lt a married man ; through l>eingptrpetually taken thoe under the Palace und with feel some doubts this follower. no long time became bookkeeper to thiswer very seldom gave with a wraJ\) and a ( man driving away ut tile' loom, und had side; but the kindly heart was aware of a steady fllid. talk of their treachery and up a victim except as a write Silent and of his face the concealing the come to the conclusion, that the trash\ apprentice time when all the way)' round I, Bolton was I'l''ll But the truth i is he grew rich, tome* lark as the grave.'they were a fit instrument upiier been part man would not his of the old days'was: the nijiu to the only way to }llochdale.. ) J"IitufIU the Gradgrinds in Lancashire for a stern and tribunal. havt was I recognized the by own brother. have about him In the hew Friend Jacob also had u school for boys,as m"lit laugh at him ; so that in The severity of the 1)'stero(1 Ten. the followed only, and the peculiar way in which }he . So thought his quiet Quaker sister ulna, us Martha hud one fur the girls. Hut it seemed time he had 400A1 spindles whirling in four with which it reached both 'high availed himself ability with which he win of it seeing ; so there was' in time u rte 1iiig, to him that nook and corner, , u pity they should have no great factonestnd a great host of peoyle the )' of its that implied ever uii4 then the great woo of death for tolW was Ch111'C to ,play, lifter the lUIj.t hours of work; working for hat: who looked on him as a and of its sentences secrecy, nuturnal61ting still I but somewhat. f J taken and he was left. und so he kept 1 man to give them ll'ltt father und a briber; and his great son was ing of awe, that has not yet comjletdy dis i'earle pursued his annoyed, Sir I I But it seems Jacob Bright found what in the hours during which he j lol., thl'l forworking. able to say, maw: ago that with one appeared. that way through thtmaze ofalleys '\ led we' all nail, that after our faith in < od. It was u rl'at'I'akll. this slight exception" there had never been a the front the piazza to his temporary . there i Ii no surer help for our sorrow tl)>;Ui to beautiful strong love for children.! In the break or a jar Ittween the family of which AmolWt Illrrda.'th'rar of the luaus Secret home. Determined to try to throw fn'hil do what our hands find to do with our man who !hal lfeH'1 of his own. So, when hU father was tll and their great host / i hele\'c who eitenc expert| to nwke the companion he quickened his S.J the In'rcavi-d itoodsteadily hea. Cuncl. reappearsnue step next turning, u glance back t might.. young man the factory hall.L wanted theyhexer in fifty-*even } strikes, nor break ; abstain from L Iwliby. ) showed 1 that tht'lflI any it ut his post with the quiet iUWurd\ went \ tn a.k 011'. but I gent of machinery nor burning of mills nothing direct allusion to it, mentioning it, only time reached the was Ponte no us San la\'ing by thU burrow for his mate which was to I pasa Away i sent deputation of t1e 1111 folks, and then I but j> 'f. and good for allot when absolutely necessary, by the ; the innumerable one of in koine tl *e 'years and give place W another I there was no lor The little (viI j jI I two generations] These ,wi hll'ught h'U of La Serenist-iuia. We smile vague at bridges that cru.. the minor y of joy It was Jal'h'>" business iv&>\t.git I led hint captive ut their will Nor t} a certain tt rit tin they were Friend this childish fear; but it may clearly( (canals tu what Venke-.he his 1 U'I'11 on its to Manchester; he wa thu managvf und I Friend llright draw the line at thl'\'hiJI'l'1; j ji nri ht'l hands Und rp, hiring the hands the terror it must have IlW"t'I' fol steps toni--hfcd) see shadow do. .ts- t right-hand man. But the,way homey fromMaJicUestcr i I hl was iltl t111 the wh.,Ie he had then i their hearts 'ami lowing that ,was 'whispt-red to at frt by this new ruse, the man ;. via Uoluu U by the bW and !, \ho were him. and aw' to their wcl- their live*. TIw.sweet little n'ntur tn\1oLla short Ileud.ago by an old 1l will a hCittCl a but a second. only I and 7 t ; not the string. Friends 1..il. i fare us he saw \ened out in a noble .du>ol, show tme what means Kuoler. obtained. disappeared in the shadow of the hud their turn, until! it I tb. ut Wa chuh. Our hero vainly strained his eye f I think they bicknessoroKlugeovcrtooku! when .hc p>nc to her rest The book Though I ())) the accuracy find ' out !in due time that there was to W UM addition mut who had thriven well but l hest the she would bring had grown to a tine of every detail, no doubt in trying to out whether ho ht.1 really - ; to the membership **f the Meetingfurs had nothing tu dei*>nd on, I he baUle'1 for the work ople ; the generous Hblr my mind &to its tbere.l, the gone the columns, or whether and he was only 1dlg behind FrieuJ Martha also wa a Quaker, &ut beautiful bioned handsomely'fur life. Hut .'rienl llright paid (hail gone to the right grandfather"my informant LUU the began to feel an intense watching ' even among tbow. tu u quiet so generous in hU, aymcnU i that wr The ten.\ kindly human way had time it occurred, and would out have dar chase, in which he seemed intert to h in the this game new ( J ..- -. _. -, --- -- -- = - I' :.