Malawi


Maur itani a

Madagascar

Morocco




Nigeria



Niger


Senegal



South Africa



Somalia



Sudan


Rice


Date Palm

Rice

Wheat, Rice,
Sunflowers

Olives

Rice, Wheat,
Millet, Sorghum,
Corn, Palms

Millet, Rice


Rice, Sorghum,
other grains


Cereals



Rice, Millet,
Sorghum


Sorghum


Red-billed Quelea,
"Weavers"

"Weavers"

Red Fody

House Sparrow, Spanish
Sparrow

European Starling, Thrush

Red-billed Quelea, Golden
Sparrow, "Starlings",
"Doves", "Weavers"

Red-billed Quelea,
"Weavers", "Waterfowl"

Red-billed Quelea, Golden
Sparrow, Ruff, "Weavers",
"Starlings", "Doves"

Red-billed Quelea



Red-billed Quelea, Golden
Sparrow, Red Bishop,
"Weavers"

Red-billed Quelea


1.2 million tons lost annually

Wheat loss most severe;
$4.0 million loss



$2.8 million/year loss in one
province




100,000-200,000 tons of grains
lost


Most notorious example of a bird
damage problem; $1.4 million
loss of sorghum in 1953

$150/acre; great pests of rice



200,000 Sudanese pounds
annually