Table 4. Examples of reported economic losses to agriculture in Africa. (Adapted from De
 J. W. 1978. World Bird Damage Problems. Proc. Vertebr. Pest Conf. 8:9-24.)


Location Crops Major Species Remarks


Sorghum


Emerging and
ripening Rice and
Wheat, Millet,
Sorghum

Rice, Wheat,
Millet, Corn,
Sorghum

Millet, Rice,
Sorghum

Coconut, Oil Palm


Wheat, Rice,
Millet, Sorghum


Rice


Laughing Dove, Cape Turtle
Dove


Red-billed Quelea, Golden
Sparrow, Tree Duck, Crowned
Crane, Ruff, "Weavers",
"Starlings"

Red-billed Quelea, Golden
Sparrow, "Weavers",
"Starlings"

Red-billed Quelea, Golden
Sparrow, "Weavers"


"Weavers"


Red-billed Quelea, "Doves",
"Weavers", "Starlings"

"Weavers", "Mannikins"


Field and storage losses


30-40% defoliation damage at
experiment station

In 1952, $0.7 million loss;
100,000 bags


Wheat, Barley,
Millet, Sorghum

Rice, Sorghum


"Sparrows"


Red-billed Quelea,
"Weavers", "Parrots"


Irrigated rice schemes have
annual damage


Grazio,


Botswana


Cameroon


Chad


Ethiopia


Ghana


Kenya


Liberia


Libya


Mali