LS 6,250 ($15,625). Similar losses for many of the remaining farms
of the 110,000 feddans would have amounted to a considerable monetary
loss.

In 1964, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United
Nations calculated that there was an $8.5 million annual loss due to
quelea damage in small grains in Africa. A more up-to-date descrip-
tion of bird pest depredation was presented in a paper entitled "World
Bird Damage Problems" at the Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference in
California. Table 4 is a reproduction of that segment of the report
which pertains to bird pest damage in Africa. Some of the outstanding
economic losses of African grain crops to the red-billed quelea and
other species are:

 $0.7 million loss to cereal crops in Kenya in 1952;

 $2.8 million lost in one province in Nigeria in one year;

 100,000 to 200,000 tons of cereal lost annually in Senegal;

 a $150/0.4 ha loss in Somalia;

 in South Africa quelea are implicated as the most notorious bird
 damage problem to cereal--a $1.5 million loss in sorghum alone.

Reports for 1978 from Kenya and Tanzania indicated the following.
Heavy quelea depredation occurred to government and privately owned
wheat farms on the western slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. One
privately owned farm, annually harvesting about 15,000 sacks of wheat,
suffered an 86-percent loss in 1978, and nearby government farms
suffered 80- to 90-percent losses. In the Ngorongoro Crater wheat-
growing area, quelea destroyed an estimated 50-60 percent of the crop.

In Kenya, wheat, rice, sorghum, and millet annually receive heavy
depredations from quelea. At Narok, in western Kenya, quelea were
responsible for 65- to 85-percent losses of wheat in 1978. Nanyuki
experienced losses ranging from 60-75 percent, with local losses often
exceeding 75 percent.

Many of the reports of annual depredations by quelea in Kenya and
Tanzania, with subsequent estimated percentage losses, will be
rechecked in 1979-1981 with the Ministries of Agriculture in the two
countries and the FAO Grain-eating Bird Pest Project personnel.