Impacts of Bioengineering
 on Biotechnology

 Alan Sherman Michaels
 Department of Chemical Engineering
 North Carolina State University
 Raleigh, North Carolina


 THE SCOPE OF BIOENGINEERING

 While I am sure that it needs no redefinition here, I wish to describe
"biotechnology" in my own terms as the utilization of living organisms,
subcellular organelles, or biocatalysts (enzymes) for the synthesis of sub-
stances (bioproducts) which can benefit society. Within this context, I shall
then define "bioengineering," for the purposes of my analysis, as the devel-
opment and application of devices, processes, and systems which permit
the safe, economic, and efficient manufacture and use of bioproducts.
 Bioengineering has been a recognized sub-specialty of the engineering
profession for many decades, largely housed within the core-disciplines of
chemical, mechanical and electrical engineering, and materials science.
Two principal branches of bioengineering are recognized today. They are:
(1) Biochemical/Bioprocess Engineering. Addressing industrial-scale bio-
synthesis (fermentation, cell-culture, enzymatic transformation); separa-
tion/purification/isolation of bioproducts; energy- and waste-management
in bioprocessing; and systems design and process control. (2) Biomedical
Engineering. Addressing the techniques of fabrication and use of devices
and materials, and more recently the methods of delivery and administra-
tion of bioproducts, for the treatment or prevention of human and animal
diseases or disability.
 The focus of my attention in this analysis will be on biochemical and
bioprocess engineering as it relates to biotechnology. Limitations of space
and time militate against my dealing in depth with biomedical engineer-
ing and its impact on biotechnology, despite its equivalent importance.
Suffice it to say that the development of delivery systems for the safe and
efficient administration of health care bioproducts to humans and animals
is the key to their successful commercialization, and that such develop-
ment falls squarely in the domain of the biomedical engineer.