Methods of Application

 Vapam can be applied via irrigation system including, center pivot, lateral move, end

tow, side (wheel) roll traveler solid set, or hand move. Vapam can also be applied via flood

(basin), furrow, border, or drip (trickle) irrigation systems. However, some of these application

methods may result in non-uniform control or crop damage if not evenly distributed.

 For application via a sprinkler irrigation system, 75 to 100 gallons per acre is

recommended. When applying Vapam using flood irrigation, use 50 to 100 gallons per acre in

3-18" of water. Amount applied via flood irrigation is dependent upon the desired depth of

control.

 Vapam can be injected into an established tarped bed to kill the current crop and fumigate

soil for a subsequent crop, however, once the chemical has been applied, the crop that is being

terminated cannot be used for food or feed. When applying via drip irrigation, the bed must be

ready to plant with no soil clods and soil moisture at 50% field capacity within the first 2-3" of

the soil, at the time of application. It is important that the concentration of vapam is high

enough at the time of weed seed germination for effective control. The recommended rate is

25 to 75 gallons per acre for the entire period of drip irrigation application.

 Soil injection of Vapam requires that injectors be spaced 5" apart and 4" in depth.

Following injection the surface should be sealed using a roller to compact the surface of the soil

to reduce atmospheric loss of the chemical. For field application, 50 to 100 gallons of water

per acre is recommended. When using the soil injection method, it is recommended to either

seal the surface with a sprinkle of water, or tarp the surface to impede the loss of chemical to

the atmosphere.