Loaders averaged 3 cents more for box fruit for packinghouses, foremen

 cent more, and grove drivers no difference. Total labor costs for pick-

ing and loading oranges were about 5 cents higher for packinghouse fruit

picked in boxes than for cannery fruit.

 Total picking costs for 29 firms picking oranges averaged 39.57

 cents per box; and for grapefruit, for 27 firms 28.32 cents (Table 1).

 Total picking costs for tangerines averaged 95.97 cents per box for 20

 firms. Labor, including workmen's compensation insurance and payroll

 taxes, was the largest item of cost in picking fruit, being approximately

 80 percent of the total for oranges and grapefruit, and 86 percent for

 tangerines.

 Hauling.--This operation refers to the transportation of fruit

from the roadside to the processing plant or fresh fruit packinghouse.

It includes also the hauling of packinghouse eliminations to the cannery,

this being counted as a separate haul. This is usually a somewhat less

expensive haul than from grove to plant, according to operators. One

of the reasons for this is heavier loading of trucks and the use of bulk

handling methods. Hauling does not include the use of grove trucks, this

being considered a part of the picking and loading operation.

 Citrus hauling costs for 31 firms with an average volume of 823,996

boxes were 12.94 cents per box for 1962-63 (Table 1). This is a com-

posite cost for all kinds of fruit hauled, and all types of operators.

Labor costs including payroll taxes and workmen's compensation insurance

were 33 percent of the total, and other operating costs (fuel, repairs,

licenses, depreciation, insurance, rent) 59 percent. Administrative costs

were about 8 percent of the total.