orange pickers as shown in Table 1 represents a composite of all rates paid during

the season. Most operators picking cannery fruit reported paying 15 to 20 cents

per box for picking budded oranges, and 25 to 35 cents for seedlings. The cost of

picking budded and seedling oranges was not separated, bu;- the proportion of

seedlings was relatively unimportant.

 Pickers' labor for grapefruit averaged 12.15 cents for dealers and 10.94 cents

 for fresh fruit packers (Tables 1 and 2). The reason for this difference is not

 known. Fresh fruit packers picked much larger quantities of grapefruit per firm

 than dealers,--166,955 boxes versus 39,209. Picking rates reported by dealers

 for grapefruit varied.from 1Q'to 15 cents, but were,mostly about 12 cents.per boxy

 Pickers' labor for tangerines averaged considerably less for citrus dealers

than for packers, being 38.85 cents and 43.67 cents respectively. However,

dealers picked only a very small quantity of tangerines with their own crews.

Packers may have done more spot picking.

 For dealers (Table 1) pickers' labor was 75 percent of all labor for oranges,

73 percent for grapefruit and 84 percent for tangerines. Total labor was the

largest item of cost for each type of fruit, being about 82 percent of the total

cost of picking oranges and grapefruit, and 87 percent of the total cost of pick-

ing tangerines.

 Total picking costs for citrus dealers (Table 1) averaged 28.33 cents per

box for oranges, 20.41 cents for grapefruit and 53.06 cents for tangerines. Pick-

ing costs for fresh fruit packers which operated their own crews were 28.53 cents

per box for oranges, 19S23 cents for grapefruit, and 62.59 cents for tangerines

(Table 2). As previously pointed out the overhead costs for fresh fruit packing-

houses are less complete than for citrus dealers.

 The last section of Table 1 shows the combined average costs for the complete

operation of moving fruit from the grove to the cannery which includes buying and

selling, picking, and hauling. The total handling costs for 1951-52 were 41.89