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 picking, where a fixed quantity is given. The average distance of haul is not

 known. Some of the fruit is moved from groves to canneries at varying distances,

 and some is moved from packinghouses (eliminations of lower grade fruit) to

 canneries. Packers trucks mostly move fruit from the grove to the packinghouse,

 with some secondary hauling from packinghouse to cannery,

 The hauling costs calculated for dealers is principally from roadside to

cannery. Hauling in the grove to roadside is considered a picking cost. Many

packinghouse trucks load the field boxes in the grove onto the truck which trans-

ports them to the packinghouse, though sometimes they are transferred at roadside.

 Hauling costs for both dealers and packers are an average of all types of

fruit. Dealers report that they can haul oranges and grapefruit at almost the

same cost per box, but that tangerines cost more because of the more careful

handling and lighter loading required. Based on estimates of operators, and a

few records the number of boxes hauled per load was:

 Oranges 340
 Grapefruit 374
 Tangerines 246

 Assuming that distances were the same for each type of fruit, and that the

types of fruit hauled were in the same ratio as that picked, then the average

cost of hauling the various types of fruit by dealers would be:

 Oranges 10.26 cents per box
 Grapefruit 9.32 "
 Tangerines 14.18 "
 Average 10.19 "

 Picking costs as shown in Tables 1 and 2 include all amounts paid for direct

labor for picking and delivering to the roadside, grove truck expense and a por-

tion of the management and overhead expenses, Picking labor was allocated to the

types of fruit from payroll analyses and piece rates insofar as possible. Costs

for workers not paid on a piece rate were prorated on an adjusted volume basis as

illustrated on pages 2 and 3. The average labor cost per box of 17.42 cents for